Polyspectral technique for the analysis of stress-waves characteristics and species recognition in wood veneers

In this work a simple technique to obtain information about the species of wood samples using stress-wave sounds in the audible range is presented. However, spectra of wood sounds generated by pendulum impact are very complex and feature extraction for classification purposes is very difficult. Polyspectral techniques have been successfully applied to several problems from radar pattern recognition to medical signal processing. Following this approach, convolution of four different sound impacts has been done. This permits to extract clear polyspectral features suitable for wood species recognition with possible applications to both human assisted and automatic wood identification systems with minimal intersample variability. Results indicate that using this technique only the two most intense polyspectral peaks are enough for species recognition.     

2种模拟实验机故障分析及对策

简要介绍了Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机和QUASAR 100KN全自动电子拉伸试验机的概况,介绍了一些典型故障的处理过程,总结出维修的思路和方法．     

Robust characterizations of k‐wise independence over product spaces and related testing results

A discrete distribution D over Σ₁ ×··· ×Σ_n is called (non‐uniform) k ‐wise independent if for any subset of k indices {i₁,…,i_k} and for any z₁∈Σ,…,z_k∈Σ, Pr_X～D[X···X = z₁···z_k] = Pr_X～D[X = z₁]···Pr_X～D[X = z_k]. We study the problem of testing (non‐uniform) k ‐wise independent distributions over product spaces. For the uniform case we show an upper bound on the distance between a distribution D from k ‐wise independent distributions in terms of the sum of Fourier coefficients of D at vectors of weight at most k. Such a bound was previously known only when the underlying domain is {0,1}ⁿ. For the non‐uniform case, we give a new characterization of distributions being k ‐wise independent and further show that such a characterization is robust based on our results for the uniform case. These results greatly generalize those of Alon et al. (STOC'07, pp. 496–505) on uniform k ‐wise independence over the Boolean cubes to non‐uniform k ‐wise independence over product spaces. Our results yield natural testing algorithms for k ‐wise independence with time and sample complexity sublinear in terms of the support size of the distribution when k is a constant. The main technical tools employed include discrete Fourier transform and the theory of linear systems of congruences.© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2013     

Polybutene-1 pipes exposed to pressurized chlorinated water: Lifetime and antioxidant consumption

Pipes of isotactic polybutene-1 were pressure-tested in chlorinated water at a controlled pH (6.5 ± 0.1), and the lifetime was assessed as a function of temperature (95-115 °C) and chlorine content (≤3 ppm). These data were compared with data from pressure testing in hot water (0 ppm chlorine). The lifetime shortening in chlorinated water was significant even at relatively low chlorine contents, 0.5 ppm. A further increase in chlorine content led only to a moderate shortening of the lifetime. The temperature dependence of the lifetime data obeyed the Arrhenius law. The activation energy obtained for failure data in chlorinated water was ∼140 kJ mol⁻¹, which was greater than the value of 108 kJ mol⁻¹ earlier reported for failure data from hot-water pressure testing. A 0.5-mm thick layer of material at the inner wall in the fractured pipes showed depletion of the antioxidant system and the inner wall displayed a large number of surface cracks, confirming that there was a pronounced chemical degradation of the inner wall material. The decrease in the antioxidant concentration was independent of the chlorine concentration in the range 0.5-1.5 ppm. The time to reach depletion of the antioxidant system could be predicted by linear extrapolation in an oxidation induction time (log scale)-exposure time (linear scale) diagram.     

基于邻域统计编码的轮廓提取在CCD二维多尺寸检测中的应用

为了更有效地从二值图像中提取更高质量的曲线轮廓,提出一种基于邻域统计编码的轮廓提取算法,它能在快速地提取出待测零件轮廓的同时,滤除毛刺和噪声.在检测精度不变的情况下,具有速度高和鲁棒性较好的特点.     

Online Research on Plasticizing Process of Starch Under Superimposed Vibration Field

A novel testing machine, integrating plastic vibration processing with molding, based on a multipass rheometer, was used to investigate the effect of the complex force field on plasticization of taro and wheat thermoplastic starch (TPS) melts. Various kinds of continuous vibration fields could be tested by controlling the movement of pistons. A superimposed vibration field, combining the effects of vibration and shear, was obtained by adding a high-frequency low-amplitude oscillation on a low-frequency high-amplitude oscillation. The rheological properties of starch were directly monitored during and after the plasticization process without removing the starch melts out of the testing machine. The apparent viscosity of the TPS melts were obtained for different high-frequency oscillation conditions by monitoring the pressure difference in the cavity. The plasticization preparation time was used to characterize the benefit provided by the superimposed vibration field. The results showed the decrease of the percentage of the average plasticizing preparation time for taro starch was 3.4%, while that for wheat starch was 1.6% compared to single, low-frequency, high-amplitude oscillation. Comparison of the plasticizing preparation time under different vibration frequencies showed that the plasticization was promoted by applying the superposed vibration field, and the effective degree was related to the vibration frequency and starch type. Both TPS exhibited shear-thinning behavior after the plasticization, and samples of both types of starch which were plasticized under higher vibration frequency presented lower apparent viscosities at certain shear rates.     

On the use of a reduced enhanced solid-shell (RESS) element for sheet forming simulations

A recently proposed reduced enhanced solid-shell (RESS) element [Alves de Sousa, R.J., Cardoso, R.P.R., Fontes Valente, R.A., Yoon, J.W., Grácio, J.J., Natal Jorge, R.M., 2005. A new one-point quadrature enhanced assumed strain (EAS) solid-shell element with multiple integration points along thickness: Part I – Geometrically Linear Applications. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 62, 952–977; Alves de Sousa, R.J., Cardoso, R.P.R., Fontes Valente, R.A., Yoon, J.W., Grácio, J.J., Natal Jorge, R.M., 2006. A new one-point quadrature enhanced assumed strain (EAS) solid-shell element with multiple integration points along thickness: Part II – Nonlinear Applications. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 67, 160–188.] is based on the enhanced assumed strain (EAS) method with a one-point quadrature numerical integration scheme. In this work, the RESS element is applied to large-deformation elasto-plastic thin-shell applications, including contact and plastic anisotropy. One of the main advantages of the RESS is its minimum number of enhancing parameters (only one), which when associated with an in-plane reduced integration scheme, circumvents efficiently well-known locking phenomena, leading to a computationally efficient performance when compared to conventional 3D solid elements. It is also worth noting that the element accounts for an arbitrary number of integration points through thickness direction within a single element layer. This capability has proven to be efficient, for instance, for accurately describing springback phenomenon in sheet forming simulations. A physical stabilization procedure is employed in order to correct the element’s rank deficiency. A general elasto-plastic model is also incorporated for the constitutive modelling of sheet forming operations with plastic anisotropy. Several examples including contact, anisotropic plasticity and springback effects are carried out and the results are compared with experimental data.     

Optimal testing for additivity in multiple nonparametric regression

We consider the problem of testing for additivity in the standard multiple nonparametric regression model. We derive optimal (in the minimax sense) non- adaptive and adaptive hypothesis testing procedures for additivity against the composite nonparametric alternative that the response function involves interactions of second or higher orders separated away from zero in L ²([0, 1] ^d )-norm and also possesses some smoothness properties. In order to shed some light on the theoretical results obtained, we carry out a wide simulation study to examine the finite sample performance of the proposed hypothesis testing procedures and compare them with a series of other tests for additivity available in the literature.     

Continuous, large strain, tension/compression testing of sheet material

Modeling sheet metal forming operations requires understanding of the plastic behavior of sheet alloys along non-proportional strain paths. Measurement of hardening under reversed uniaxial loading is of particular interest because of its simplicity of interpretation and its application to material elements drawn over a die radius. However, the compressive strain range attainable with conventional tests of this type is severely limited by buckling. A new method has been developed and optimized employing a simple device, a special specimen geometry, and corrections for friction and off-axis loading. Continuous strain reversal tests have been carried out to compressive strains greater than 0.20 following the guidelines provided for optimizing the test. The breadth of application of the technique has been demonstrated by preliminary tests to reveal the nature of the Bauschinger effect, room-temperature creep, and anelasticity after strain reversals in commercial sheet alloys.     

A simulation-based approach to two-stage stochastic programming with recourse

In this paper we consider stochastic programming problems where the objective function is given as an expected value function. We discuss Monte Carlo simulation based approaches to a numerical solution of such problems. In particular, we discuss in detail and present numerical results for two-stage stochastic programming with recourse where the random data have a continuous (multivariate normal) distribution. We think that the novelty of the numerical approach developed in this paper is twofold. First, various variance reduction techniques are applied in order to enhance the rate of convergence. Successful application of those techniques is what makes the whole approach numerically feasible. Second, a statistical inference is developed and applied to estimation of the error, validation of optimality of a calculated solution and statistically based stopping criteria for an iterative alogrithm. © 1998 The Mathematical Programming Society, Inc. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.Supported by CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico), Brasília, Brazil, through a Doctoral Fellowship under grant 200595/93-8.