A Stability Indicating HPLC Assay for Prednisolone Sodium Phosphate in Implantable Infusion Pumps

Abstract

A stability indicting assay for prednisolone sodium phosphate (PSP) in solutions for implantable infusion pumps was developed. PSP and its major breakdown product, prednisolone, were separated from formulation excipients by reverse phase chromatography on a phenyl-bonded phase column using an acetonitrile-phosphate buffer mobile phase. Detection was by ultraviolet absorbance at 243 mm. Recovery from a synthetic formulation was 101.0 ± 0.4% (n=6). The method was used to monitor the stability of PSP solutions in implantable infusion pumps maintained at 37°C over a 21 day period.     

Interaction of Phosphate with Iron(III) in Acidic Medium,Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies

Equilibrium reactions of iron(III) with phosphate were studied spectrophotometrically by UV-Vis in the pH range of ～ 1.0-2.20. The STAR-94 Program was used to determine the number of absorbing species as well as the stoichiometries and formation constants of the complex species. Some literature values were further confirmed and new values of different stoichiometries were obtained. The kinetics and mechanism of Fe(III) with phosphate were studied in acidic medium. The reactive phosphate species were found to be only H₃PO₄ and H₂PO^? ₄ and for Fe(III) were only Fe³⁺, FeOH²⁺ and Fe(OH)⁺ ₂. The observed rate constants were pH as well as T_phos (total concentration of phosphate) dependent, i.e. K_obs,i = A _i + B _i T_phos + C _i T² _phos (at a given pH).     

Photo-induced Synthesis and Characterization of Poly（methyl methacrylate） Grafted Sodium Salt of Partially Carboxymethylated Guar Gum

Photo-induced graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate（MMA） onto sodium salt of partially carboxymethylated guar gum（Na-PCMGG, DS = 0.291） was carried out in an aqueous medium using ceric ammonium nitrate（CAN） as photoinitiator to synthesize a novel graft copolymer, Na-PCMGG-g-PMMA, which may find its potential application as a metal adsorbent. The influences of synthesis variables such as concentrations of photoinitiator（CAN）, nitric acid and monomer（MMA） as well as reaction time, temperature and amount of substrate on the grafting yields were studied and the reaction conditions for optimum photo-grafting were evaluated. At optimum concentration, the maximum values of the grafting yields achieved were G = 271.61% and GE = 63.89%. The experimental results were found to be in very good agreement with the proposed kinetic scheme. The photo-graft copolymerization of MMA onto Na-PCMGG（ DS = 0.291） was also carried out in the presence and absence of ultraviolet radiation for studying the efficiency of the photoinitiator. The influence of carboxymethyl groups introduced onto the guar gum molecules with regard to its behavior towards ultra-violet radiation induced grafting with MMA was also investigated. Photo-grafting process was confirmed and the products were characterized with the help of the spectroscopic（1H-NMR and FTIR） and SEM techniques.     

磷钼杂多化合物脱硫热力学可行性与硫磺生成机理研究

长期以来杂多化合物一直被用作特定反应的催化剂 ,尚无直接利用其氧化还原性能进行污染物治理研究的先例 [1] .由于磷和钼在我国均为丰产元素 ,相应的杂多化合物又具有稳定的化学性能 ,寻找其新的应用领域无疑具有特别重要的意义 .本文对与此相关的脱硫热力学可行性与硫磺生成机理问题进行研究 ,以期为应用开发奠定理论基础 .1　实验部分1 .1　仪器和试剂　 31 4型硫离子选择电极 (江苏电分析仪器厂 ) ;DSC- 7型微分量热仪 (美国 Perkin-Elmer公司 ) ;Finber 1 0 0 0型能谱分析仪 (配置 Pioneer KYKY2 80 0型扫描电镜 ) ;UJ33a型电位…     

孔雀石绿光度法测定阿魏酸钠

在pH=4.5的B-R缓冲介质中,阿魏酸可与孔雀石绿反应生成具有正吸收峰和负吸收峰的离子缔合物,其最大正吸收波长位于612nm,最大负吸收波长位于650nm,阿魏酸的质量浓度在0.2~3.9mg/L(正、负吸收)范围内与吸光度A呈线性关系,表观摩尔吸光系数ε分别为3.95×104 L/(mol·cm)(正吸收)和1.20×104 L/(mol·cm)(负吸收)。该方法用于市售阿魏酸钠药物中阿魏酸钠的测定,结果满意。     

Microtiterplate phosphate assay based on luminescence quenching of a terbium complex amenable to decay time detection

We describe a terbium-ligand complex (TbL) for a microtiterplate assay for phosphate (P) in the 0.3-100 μmol L⁻¹ range based on luminescence quenching. As the pH optimum is at neutral pH (7.4) the probe is quenched by both, primary (H₂PO₄⁻) and secondary phosphate (HPO₄²⁻). The LOD is 110 nmol L⁻¹. A Stern-Volmer study revealed that quenching is mostly static. Due to the ms-decay time of TbL, the first luminescence lifetime assay for phosphate could also be developed. The lifetime-based calibration plot is linear between 0.5 and 5 μmol L⁻¹ of P. The effect of various surfactants on assay performance and a study on interferents are presented. The probe was successfully applied to determination of P in commercial plant fertilizers and validated against the molybdenum blue test. The probe is the most sensitive lanthanide-based probe for phosphate.     

Random low vinyl styrene-isoprene copolymers

The present work is to the syntheses and characterization of random, low vinyl copolymers containing styrene and isoprene (SIR’s). The content of these SIR’s ranged from 10% styrene/90% isoprene to 60% styrene/40% isoprene, and all were soluble in hexane solvent. The anionic polymerization of these SIR’s was initiated by a catalyst system of various sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) to n-butyllithium (n-BuLi) ratios. The SDBS allowed for styrene to become randomly incorporated onto the polyisoprene chain without any increase in the 3,4-unit of the isoprene. The glass transition temperature of the resulting polymers could be controlled by the styrene content and microstructure (blocky versus random) in the polymer chain. Kinetic data confirmed that styrene and isoprene have similar reaction kinetics. NMR and ozonolysis confirmed that random, low vinyl SIR’s were indeed being synthesized. The unique features of this system are that it does not metallate the polymers as was seen in the previous publication using the sodium and potassium alkoxides. Molecular weight differences due to SDBS are discussed. Finally, rubber process analyzer (RPA) results were presented for various styrenes content SIR’s.     

Ionic studies of sodium alginate isolated from Sargassum terrarium (brown algea) karachi coast with 2,1-electrolyte

Physical and chemical analysis of the polysaccharide isolated from Sargassum Terarrium (brown algae) of Karachi coast showed characteristics of the sodium alginate. Optical rotations and sulphated ash content were found and FTIR spectra showed a sharp and strong absorption band at 1600 cm^?1 representing carboxylate ion which conforms high uronic acid content of the product. The viscosities of aqueous 0.1% sodium alginate solution were measured in the presence of copper II chloride (CuCl₂). The viscosities were found to be increased with the increase in the concentration of electrolyte. Viscosities were also found affected with temperature. ‘A’ and ‘B’ coefficients of Jones–Dole equation were evaluated. The increase in positive values of ‘B’ coefficient with the rise of temperature led to conclusion that given electrolyte in 0.1% aqueous sodium alginate solution behaves as structure maker. Thermodynamic parameters regarding to activated state like energy of activation E_η, change in free energy of activation ΔG_η and change of entropy of activation ΔS_η were also evaluated. Straight-line plots of log η versus 1/T observed with positive slopes show the effect of temperature on the viscosities of solutions. Energy of activation (E_η) was found to be decreased with the rise of temperature. Change in free energy of activation (ΔG_η) was also found to be increased with increase in concentrations of electrolyte and also with rise of temperature. The values of change in entropy of activation (ΔS_η) were also calculated. Negative values of ΔS_η were found to be increased with increase in concentration of electrolyte and also with rise of temperature.     

Morphology, crystallization behavior and properties of impact-modified polypropylene copolymer with or without sodium benzoate as a nucleating agent

 The morphology, crystallization behavior, and properties of an impact-modified polypropylene (PP) copolymer with or without sodium benzoate were investigated. The contents of ethylene–propylene rubber (EPR) in the reactor-made PP copolymer is about 15 wt%. For comparison, blends of PP and EPR containing the same EPR composition were prepared by melt-mixing. Morphological studies by scanning probe microscopy indicated that the impact-modified copolymer consists of three different phases, i.e., polyethylene, PP, and EPR phases, which is considerably different from the morphology of the conventional PP/EPR blend of the corresponding composition. The impact-modified PP copolymer exhibited a higher crystallization rate in terms of the lower crystallization half-time and thus higher thermal and mechanical properties, such as impact strength and hardness, than the PP/EPR blend did. The addition of sodium benzoate as a nucleating agent to the copolymer increased the crystallization rate and the mechanical properties. Received: 4 June 2001 Accepted: 31 October 2001     

Electrosorption of sodium cellulose sulfates with different substitution patterns

Various types of sodium cellulose sulfate (SCS), dissolved in a 1M LiCl solution, were investigated by alternating current (AC)polarography. The SCS samples differed in the degree of substitution (DS), thedistribution of substituents within the anhydroglucose unit (AGU), and alongthechain, due to the method of synthesis. The goal was to study theelectrosorptionbehavior, characterized by the shape of the desorption wave in the polarogram,as a function of the chemical structure of the SCS samples. The shape of thedesorption wave reflects domains of different substitution. A superimpositionofparameters like DS and pattern of substitution on the electrosorption behaviorwas observed. The AC polarography method described can be used as a tool todistinguish between an even or uneven distribution of substituents along thecellulose chain.