柱后光化学衍生高效液相色谱法同时测定牛奶中黄曲霉毒素

建立了高效液相色谱法同时测定牛奶中黄曲霉毒素B1,B2,G1,G2的方法。用乙腈和水的混合溶液(体积比为80∶20)提取牛奶样品中4种黄曲霉毒素,提取液经Mycosep 228 AflaPat多功能净化柱净化,浓缩后采用C18色谱柱分离,光化学衍生后进入荧光检测器测定,外标法定量。对牛奶样品进行加标回收和精密度试验,黄曲霉毒素B1,B2,G1,G2的检出限分别为0.50,0.10,0.50,0.10μg/kg,回收率均在85%以上,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.72%～3.52%(n=6)。该方法操作简单,速度快,重现性好,满足牛奶中黄曲霉毒素检测的要求。     

Vortex-Assisted Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for the Determination of Residual Sulfonamides in Meat Samples with Spectrofluorophotometer

A simple and fast extraction termed vortex-assisted liquid–liquid microrextraction coupled with molecular fluorescence spectroscopy has been developed and used for the detection of three sulfonamides (sulfadiazine sodium, sulfamethoxazole, and sulfaguanidine) in the meat samples. In the vortex-assisted liquid–liquid microrextraction method, 400 µL of nonanoic acid was used as extractant and directly injected into 10 mL centrifuge tube containing a derivative, which sulfonamides derived with o-phthaladehyde. And the extraction solvent was dispersed into the water phase under mechanical force with the vortex-mix. The polar side was reduced and the strong fluorescence produced at λ_ex = 295 nm. Variable parameters affecting the derivatization and vortex-assisted liquid–liquid microrextraction procedure were evaluated and optimized. The vortex-mix substituted effect of disperser solvent in this procedure. The limits of detection were 2.0 ng mL^?1 for sulfadiazine sodium and sulfamethoxazole, 0.5 ng mL^?1 for sulfaguanidine with the relative standard deviations of the method ranging from 2.5% to 6.1%. And the calibration graph was linear from 5 to 5000 ng mL^?1 with coefficient of determinations more than 0.9995. Recoveries of the three sulfonamides on spiked meat samples at different levels were 92.2–102.5%. Finally, the method has been successfully applied to the determination of sulfonamides from meat samples.     

分散液液微萃取-衍生化高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定环境水样中4种酚类内分泌干扰物

为实现小体积环境水样中酚类化合物的准确、快速、高灵敏测定,通过分散液液微萃取(DLLME)和荧光衍生化的结合,建立了高效液相色谱-荧光检测(HPLC-FLD)双酚A、壬基酚、辛基酚和对特辛基酚的分析方法。考察并优化了DLLME和衍生化条件,结果表明,最优的DLLME条件为萃取剂氯仿用量70μL,分散剂乙腈用量400μL,漩涡振荡3 min,高速离心2 min。以2-[2-(7 H-二苯并[a,g]咔唑-乙氧基)]-乙基氯甲酸酯(DBCEC-Cl)为柱前衍生试剂,在pH10.5的Na2CO3-NaHCO3缓冲液/乙腈溶液、50℃下衍生反应3 min得到稳定的衍生产物,于10min内实现了4种酚衍生物的分离。方法的检出限为0.9~1.6 ng/L,定量限为3.8~7.1 ng/L,具有良好的线性、精密度和回收率,与以往报道的方法相比具有一定的优势和实用性,可用于造纸厂废水、湖水、生活废水、自来水中4种酚类内分泌干扰物的测定。     

柱前衍生–高效液相色谱法测定白刺果中氨基酸含量

建立一种快速测定不同产地的白刺果中氨基酸含量的HPLC方法。采用柱前邻苯二甲醛(OPA)和氯甲酸芴甲酯(FMOC)联合在线衍生、二元梯度洗脱(流动相A:40 mmol/L NaH2PO4·H2O,pH 7.8;流动相B:乙腈–甲醇–水的体积比为4.5∶4.5∶1)、反相C18短柱分离(色谱柱:Zorbax Eclipse AAA C18柱,75 mm×4.6 mm,3.5μm)、二极管阵列检测器(检测波长:338 nm;参考波长:390 nm)和荧光检测器(激发波长:340 nm;发射波长:450nm)联合检测,内标法定量。各氨基酸含量在4.5~900μmol/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.991 2~0.999 8,除了蛋氨酸(部分氧化降解)加标回收率为78.1%外,其它各氨基酸的加标回收率为93.1%~105.1%,相对标准偏差为3.21%~6.23%(n=5)。对产自青海、新疆和内蒙古等3个地区的白刺果中氨基酸含量进行了测定,氨基酸总量分别为11.23,10.47,8.84 g/(100 g),并对各种不同类型氨基酸占氨基酸总量的比例进行了分析。该法适合于白刺果氨基酸含量的测定。     

Synthesis and optical behaviors of 6-seleno-deoxyguanosine

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Fast Analysis of Free Amino Acids in Tobacco by HPLC with Fluorescence Detection and Automated Derivatization

A fast, simple, and sensitive HPLC method for the determination of free amino acids in tobacco was described. A fully automated sample processor performed precolumn derivatization of both primary and secondary amino acids with o‐phthalaldehyde/3‐mercaptopropionic acid and 9‐fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC‐Cl), respectively. All reactions were fully automated by means of an injector programme and accomplished in 10 min. Sample preparation consisted of a single step of extraction with 0.1 mol/L HCl at ambient temperature (assisted by sonication) in 30 min, followed by filtration of an aliquot and derivatization. By optimization of sample preparation and HPLC conditions, separation of 20 amino acids in 30 min was achieved. Detection limits ranged from 0.50 to 1.40 μg/g; coefficients of variation ranged from 1.8% to 3.9%; recoveries ranged from 84.6% to 108.5%. The method was applied to the analysis of amino acids contents of tobacco leaves in different varieties and flue‐curing period.     

New electrophoretic and chromatographic techniques for analysis of heparin and heparan sulfate

Heparin (HE) and heparan sulfated glycosaminoglycans are well-known mediators of tissue development, maintenance and functions; the activities of these polysaccharides are depending mainly on their sulfate substitutions. The HE structure is also a very important feature in antithrombotic drug development, since the antithrombin binding site is composed by sequences of a specific sulfation pattern. The analysis of disaccharide composition is then a fundamental point of all the studies regarding HE/heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan (and thereby proteoglycan) functions. The present work describes two analytical methods to quantify the disaccharides constituting HE and heparan sulfate chains. The use of PAGE of fluorophore-labeled saccharides and HPLC coupled with a fluorescence detector allowed in one run the identification of 90-95% of HE disaccharides and 74-100% of rat kidney purified heparan sulfate. Moreover, the protocol here reported avoid the N-sulfation disaccharides degradation, which may affect N-sulfated/N-acetylated disaccharides ratio evaluation. These methods could be also very important in clinical treatments since they are useful for monitoring the availability kinetics of antithrombotic drugs, such as low-molecular-weight HEs.     

Liquid chromatographic fluorescence determination of amino acids in plasma and urine after derivatization with phanquinone

Phanquinone (4,7-phenanthroline-5,6-dione) has been investigated as a pre-column derivatization fluorogenic reagent for liquid chromatographic determination of primary amino acids in biological samples. The derivatization reaction was carried out at 68 degrees C both in the presence of aqueous phosphate buffer (pH 8) for 30 min and without buffer for 60 min to allow the determination of basic amino acids (Orn, Lys, Arg). The resulting derivatives were separated under reversed-phase HPLC and detected at lambda(em) = 460 nm with lambda(ex) = 400 nm. The proposed method was validated and applied to the determination of a variety of amino acids directly in urine and after deproteinization with 5-sulfosalicylic acid in plasma samples. The detection and quantitation limits were found in the range 10-450 and 35-1400 fmol, respectively.     

柱前衍生高效液相色谱法对动物组织中胶原蛋白的测定

动物组织中的胶原蛋白经酸水解后生成包括羟脯氨酸在内的氨基酸混合物,用邻苯二甲醛（OPA）与其中的一级氨基酸衍生,再用9-芴基甲氧基羰酰氯（FMOC）与其中的羟脯氨酸衍生,用反相高效液相色谱法测定羟脯氨酸含量。羟脯氨酸是胶原蛋白的特异性氨基酸且含量稳定,因而可通过样品中羟脯氨酸的含量计算胶原蛋白含量。在0.01-50 mg.L^-1范围内,羟脯氨酸的峰面积和质量浓度之间的相关系数为0.9993,保留时间和峰面积的相对标准偏差分别为0.30%和2.9%。该法选用FMOC与氨基酸衍生产物的特征波长检测,能够完全屏蔽一级氨基酸衍生物的干扰,可快速、准确、高效地测定羟脯氨酸及胶原蛋白的含量。