Using 2,4 DNPH-PVC membrane sensors for indirect determination of formaldehyde in urea glue and wastewater

Three simple, rapid, and sensitive ion-selective electrodes for indirect determination of free formaldehyde in urea glue and wastewater have been developed. The methods are based on the formation of the membrane sensors 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine-phosphtungestic acid (DNPH-PTA), 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine-phosphomolybdic acid (DNPH-PMA), and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine-tetraphenylborate (DNPH-TPB) as neutral carriers. The sensors are stable and show fast potential responses of 30?s, and near-Nernstian cationic slopes of 56.2?±?0.5, 54.3?±?0.5, and 53.8?±?0.4?mV per decade of activity between pH 0.5 and 3.5 over a wide range of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine concentrations (1?×?10^?5 to 1?×?10^?2?M). These sensors were used for indirect determination of formaldehyde over concentration range (1?×?10^?4 to 1?×?10^?1?M). The selectivity coefficients of the developed sensors indicate excellent selectivity for 2,4 DNPH over a large number of organic and inorganic species. The mediator o-nitrophenyloctyl ether has a significant affect on the lifetime of the fabricated sensors. The analytical applications of the proposed sensors showed good results for indirect determination of formaldehyde in formaldehyde solutions, wastewater solutions, and free formaldehyde in urea-formaldehyde liquid and powder glues. The results were compared favourably with that obtained by ASTM, colorimetric, and British Standard methods.     

卡尔菲休滴定仪测定液体石油产品中水含量

对运用卡尔菲休滴定仪库仑法测定液体石油产品中微量水的简单原理、分析方法的建立与分析流程进行了论述.实验结果表明,该方法测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.66%～1.30%(n=8),用该方法测定3种标准物质,其相对误差不大于2%.该方法分析快速、简便,适用于含有醇类、无机含氧弱酸特殊样品的测定.     

流动注射-电化学检测联用技术

介绍了流动注射-电化学检测联用技术,并评述了近年来流动注射电分析技术的研究与应用概况,指出了今后的研究方向和重点。     

紫外光谱与ITC法研究乌头碱与粘虫DNA相互作用

DNA是生物体遗传信息的载体,研究药物与DNA的相互作用对探讨其作用机理及新药的设计合成具有重要意义。利用紫外吸收光谱技术,微量量热法,等温滴定量热法以及分子模拟技术研究了乌头碱在水溶液中的溶解行为,探讨了乌头碱与粘虫DNA、鲑鱼精DNA、小牛胸腺DNA的相互作用。实验发现,乌头碱在水溶液中的溶解过程为准一级反应,半衰期(t_1/2)为0.691 h。乌头碱分别与三种DNA作用均为体现出沟槽和表面两种结合形式：沟槽结合时,结合常数Ka₁为105,结合位点数为0.40~0.60,且反应为焓驱动的自发过程;表面结合时,乌头碱分子仅与DNA表面发生作用而并未嵌到DNA分子的疏水部分,结合常数Ka₂为103,结合位点较大。分子模拟显示,乌头碱均以氢键作用力结合在三种DNA分子的沟槽区,且乌头碱分子中C₈上的酯基对粘虫DNA,鲑鱼精DNA和小牛胸腺DNA链上的碱基有特异性识别,依次为T33,T34和G16,C9,C8。模拟计算获得反应的结合能与实验测定所得ΔG值接近,同时,依据实验数据判定的作用力类型在分子模拟中得到印证,即理论计算与实验基本吻合。     

电位法测定循环水中的氯离子

利用氯离子选择性电极法测定循环水中氯离子含量。该方法以氯离子选择性电极为指示电极,应用校准曲线直接测定循环水中氯离子浓度。实验考察了SO42-、HCO-3、PBTCA、HEDP、DCCNa等循环水中干扰因素及pH、温度等测定条件对测定的影响。该方法测量精度的相对标准偏差RSD为1.8%(n=8);加标回收率在95.0%—104%之间,平均回收率为99.1%,加标回收率相对标准偏差RSD为4.0%(n=5)。     

计算光谱配位滴定法同时测定钙和镁

建立了一种将光谱配位滴定分析法与化学计量学相结合同时测定混合金属离子的新方法。在这种方法中,滴定剂是由EDTA和两种指示剂组成的混合溶液。滴定过程中滴定剂的加入体积和滴定反应进程可由吸收光谱通过计算同时获得,并进一步得到滴定曲线。应用滴定曲线可建立相应的矩阵方程,从而可应用主成分回归法计算金属混合物中各组分的浓度。该方法只需要光谱信息就可得到分析结果,免去了对体积的计量,因此方法简便,准确。应用该方法以孔雀绿和Cu-PAN为指示剂对钙和镁的混合溶液进行了同时测定,结果满意。     

电位法和极谱法联合确定镉-甘胺酸络合物稳定常数

应用离子敏感电极和示差脉冲极谱两种实验技术,对镉-甘胺酸络合物体系进行研究,并通过一种联合的数学处理方法,使两种实验数据可以用来设计金属络合物体系模型及计算络合物的稳定常数.在相同的实验条件下(如总的络合剂浓度和总的金属离子浓度相同),两种实验技术将会得到几乎相同的实验络合物形成曲线和理论络合物形成曲线.将联合的数学处理方法应用于镉-甘胺酸络合物体系,不但验证了文献报道的三种络合物 ML、ML_2和 ML_3的存在,还发现了两种新的络合物 MHL 和 ML_2(OH),并且优化得到了这五种络合物的稳定常数.     

基于含偶氮酚羟基席夫碱新型简单比色传感器

通过简单的步骤合成了一个新型的N-(2-羟基-5-氯二苯酮基)-N'-[2-羟基-5-偶氮苯基-苯甲醛]-1,2-二苯胺受体,并有很高的产率．利用紫外光谱研究了受体的阴离子识别的性质．结果表明受体对F^-、AcO^-和H₂PO₄^-有很高的结合能力,而对Cl^-、Br^-和I^-没有结合能力．在受体的二甲基亚砜溶液中加入三种有结合能力的阴离子时,溶液展示了从无色到黄色的明显颜色变化,可以通过裸眼识别．在其它卤素离子存在下受体可以担当氟离子的传感器．紫外数据证明受体与阴离子通过氢键的相互作用形成1:1化学计量比的复合物.     

5-(2-羧基苯基)-10,15,20-三苯基卟啉-氨基酸酯之间的氢键-UV-Vis和~1H-NMR研究

本文通过分析５－（２－羧基苯基）－１０,１５,２０－三苯基卟啉（ｏ－ＴＰＰＣＯ２Ｈ）和苯丙氨酸乙酯的紫外－可见光谱（ＵＶ－Ｖｉｓ）滴定曲线以及１ Ｈ－ＮＭＲ数据, 证实了ｏ－ＴＰＰＣＯ２Ｈ 中的吡咯氮上的氢和氨基酸酯的羰基氧之间形成的氢键     

Thermodynamic analysis of the interaction of partially hydrophobic cationic polyelectrolytes with sodium halide salts in water

Isothermal titration calorimetry was used to determine the temperature and concentration dependence of the enthalpy of mixing of 3,3- and 6,6-ionene fluorides, bromides, and iodides with low molecular weight salts (NaF, NaCl, NaBr, and NaI) in water. The magnitudes of the enthalpies, measured in the temperature range from 273 to 318 K, depended on the number of methylene groups on the ionene polyion (hydrophobicity), and on the anion of the added salt (ion-specificity). All enthalpies of mixing of 3,3- and 6,6-ionene fluorides with low molecular weight salts (NaCl, NaBr, and NaI) were negative, which is in contrast to the predictions of standard theories of polyelectrolyte solutions. This fact was interpreted in the light of the ion–water short-range interactions that are not accounted for in those theories. In contrast, the enthalpies of mixing of 3,3- and 6,6-ionene bromides and iodides with NaF were positive, being in accord with theory. Using the calorimetric data, we performed a model thermodynamic analysis of the polyelectrolyte–salt mixing process to obtain changes in the apparent standard Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, entropy, and heat capacity relative to the pure ionene fluorides in water. The results prove that halide ions replace fluoride counterions with a strength increasing in the order chloride < bromide < iodide. The process is enthalpy governed, accompanied by a positive change in the heat capacity.