聚醋酸乙烯酯/聚丙烯酸甲酯互穿网络聚合物的研究——1.聚合条件对体系相容性的影响

用分步法合成了聚醋酸乙烯酯/聚丙烯酸甲酯互穿网络聚合物(PVAc/PMA-IPN),PVAc和PMA的交联剂分别是丁二酸二烯丙酯(DAS),和二乙烯基苯(DVB)。当DAS用量较小时,VAc聚合时的接枝反应较明显,PVAc网络的交联密度高于化学当量的计算值。动态力学的实验结果表明,丙烯酸甲酯的聚合温度和聚合过程中的溶胶-凝胶转变对PVAc/PMA-IPN体系的相容性有很大影响。     

用金胺O作荧光探针研究PVA-H_2O-DMSO体系的凝胶过程

<正> 它在可见光区发荧光,其荧光量子效率随环境的粘度不同有较明显的变化。这是由于其分子中的芳香基团与中心碳是单键连接,易于转动。当环境的粘度增加时,这种转动受到阻碍,因而分子吸收激发光能后,损失于这种转动的热能相对减少,荧光量子效率则相对     

Comparison of Various Films Used in Biophysical Investigations as Anisotropic Matrices

Polarized spectra of biological molecules oriented in artificial systems can give useful information of structural and spectroscopical properties of these molecules^1,2. Such investigations have been carried out recently for several biological systems: chlorophylls^{3, 4, 5, 6, 7}, carotenoids⁸, biliproteins^{9, 10}, bacterial reaction centers^{11, 12}, bacteriochlorophylls¹³ etc.     

Kinetic modeling of novel solid desiccant based on PVA-LiCl electrospun nanofibrous membrane

A new polymer-based composite desiccant, Polyvinyl alcohol-LiCl nanofibrous membrane (PVA-LiCl NFM), has been prepared by the electrospinning technique. The newly-developed desiccant membrane not only has large moisture adsorption capacity, fast moisture adsorption rate and favorable stability, but also is featured by its low regeneration temperature. In this work, adsorption and desorption kinetic models are explored for PVA-LiCl NFMs, which include the pseudo-first and the pseudo-second order model based on the rate law and a diffusion model based on the Fick's law. The results indicate that the moisture adsorption and desorption kinetics of the PVA-LiCl NFMs follow the pseudo-second-order law very well. As the key parameters in the diffusion model, the equilibrium adsorption capacity and the diffusion coefficient are focused on, and they can be well determined by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) model and the radial-basis-functions artificial neural network (RBFANN) model, respectively. Finally, the adsorption and desorption activation energy of the PVA-LiCl NFM with a 0.15 mass ratio of LiCl to PVA are recognized as 24.36 and 26.52 kJ/mol, respectively. The work is of great importance to the better application of the newly-developed desiccant material (PVA-LiCl NFM).     

Activation behavior and dielectric relaxation in polyvinyl alcohol and multiwall carbon nanotube composite films

The dc and ac electrical transport property of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes (PVA-MWNT) composites has been investigated within a temperature range and in the frequency range 20Hz-1MHz. The temperature variation of dc conductivity gives the presence of two different activation energies. The dielectric properties of the samples have been explained in terms of electric modulus vector.The dielectric relaxation has been explained in terms of interfacial polarization occurring in between the insulating PVA matrix and MWNT conductive filler. The variation of the relaxation time with temperature also indicates the presence of two different activation energies.     

Mathematical modelling and computational analysis of enzymatic degradation of xenobiotic polymers

We study the enzymatic degradation of xenobiotic polymers mathematically. As a mathematical model, we derive a linear second-order hyperbolic partial differential equation which governs the evolution of the weight distribution with respect to the molecular weight. Given an initial weight distribution and a final weight distribution, we formulate a problem to determine a degradation rate. We establish a necessary and sufficient condition for which the problem has a local solution. We also introduce a numerical technique based on our analysis, and present a numerical result that we obtained applying weight distributions before and after enzymatic degradation of polyvinyl alcohol.     

静电喷雾结合热压处理制备荷负电PVA-SA/PAN纳米纤维基复合滤膜及其纳滤性能研究

以静电纺丝聚丙烯腈(PAN)纳米纤维作为多孔支撑层,以亲水材料聚乙烯醇(PVA)和海藻酸钠(SA)为亲水表层材料,通过静电喷雾技术将亲水表层材料沉积在纳米纤维多孔基膜表面,然后将表层PVA-SA纳米串珠层通过水蒸气加湿辅助热压成膜处理在PAN基膜上软化压延形成完整的致密薄膜,最后经过戊二醛交联制备PVA-SA/PAN纳米纤维基复合滤膜.通过对加湿时间、热压温度、热压时间以及PVA-SA静电喷雾时间等成膜工艺条件和交联条件进行优化制备出结构完整的PVA-SA/PAN纳米纤维基复合滤膜.所制备的复合滤膜荷负电,它对阴离子染料具有较好的过滤效果:在0.6 MPa的操作压力下对100 mg/kg的固绿染料的渗透通量为57.1 L/(m~2h),截留率为96.8%.     

Improved cellular response on multiwalled carbon nanotube-incorporated electrospun polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan nanofibrous scaffolds

We report the fabrication of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-incorporated electrospun polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/chitosan (CS) nanofibers with improved cellular response for potential tissue engineering applications. In this study, smooth and uniform PVA/CS and PVA/CS/MWCNTs nanofibers with water stability were formed by electrospinning, followed by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde vapor. The morphology, structure, and mechanical properties of the formed electrospun fibrous mats were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and mechanical testing, respectively. We showed that the incorporation of MWCNTs did not appreciably affect the morphology of the PVA/CS nanofibers; importantly the protein adsorption ability of the nanofibers was significantly improved. In vitro cell culture of mouse fibroblasts (L929) seeded onto the electrospun scaffolds showed that the incorporation of MWCNTs into the PVA/CS nanofibers significantly promoted cell proliferation. Results from this study hence suggest that MWCNT-incorporated PVA/CS nanofibrous scaffolds with small diameters (around 160 nm) and high porosity can mimic the natural extracellular matrix well, and potentially provide many possibilities for applications in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.     

Influence of absorbed moisture on desizing of poly(vinyl alcohol) on cotton fabrics during atmospheric pressure plasma jet treatment

This paper studies the influence of moisture absorption of cotton fabrics on the effectiveness of atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) on desizing of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Cotton fabrics with three different moisture regains (MR), namely 1.8%, 7.3%, and 28.4% corresponding to 10%, 65%, and 98% of relative humidity respectively, are treated for 16 s, 32 s, 48 s, and 64 s. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicates that the plasma treated PVA has higher oxygen concentration than the control. Mass loss results show that the fabric with the highest MR has the largest mass loss after 64 s plasma exposure. Solubility measurement reveals that the sample with the lowest MR has the highest desizing efficacy and the percent desizing ratio reaches 96% after 64 s exposure plus a 20 min hot wash, which is shown as clean as the unsized sample through scanning electron microscopy analysis. The yarn tensile strength test results show that APPJ has no negative effect on fabric tensile strength.     

石墨负极表面聚合物功能保护膜对 锂离子电池存储寿命的提升

采用溶液浸渍法制备了聚乙烯醇(PVA)均匀包覆的石墨并研究了其微观形貌及电化学性能. 以LiNi_0.8Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂(NCA)为正极材料、 PVA包覆石墨为负极材料组装成软包电池和钢壳电池, 研究了PVA功能保护膜对全电池的电化学性能和存储寿命的影响. 结果表明, 存储过程中PVA功能保护膜可以有效抑制电解液和石墨内嵌锂反应的发生, 延长电池的存储寿命.