全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4787篇 |
免费 | 293篇 |
国内免费 | 1226篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 5507篇 |
晶体学 | 16篇 |
力学 | 150篇 |
综合类 | 45篇 |
数学 | 65篇 |
物理学 | 523篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 14篇 |
2023年 | 53篇 |
2022年 | 143篇 |
2021年 | 191篇 |
2020年 | 212篇 |
2019年 | 147篇 |
2018年 | 113篇 |
2017年 | 156篇 |
2016年 | 190篇 |
2015年 | 167篇 |
2014年 | 180篇 |
2013年 | 319篇 |
2012年 | 343篇 |
2011年 | 228篇 |
2010年 | 250篇 |
2009年 | 339篇 |
2008年 | 459篇 |
2007年 | 312篇 |
2006年 | 335篇 |
2005年 | 292篇 |
2004年 | 253篇 |
2003年 | 212篇 |
2002年 | 151篇 |
2001年 | 146篇 |
2000年 | 148篇 |
1999年 | 118篇 |
1998年 | 112篇 |
1997年 | 108篇 |
1996年 | 112篇 |
1995年 | 95篇 |
1994年 | 89篇 |
1993年 | 89篇 |
1992年 | 56篇 |
1991年 | 39篇 |
1990年 | 28篇 |
1989年 | 33篇 |
1988年 | 22篇 |
1987年 | 17篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有6306条查询结果,搜索用时 109 毫秒
101.
反应注射成型聚氨酯互穿聚合物网络研究——刚性网络对于体系形态及性能的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用微型反应注射成型机制备了以聚氨酯(PU)为弹性相的两类同步互穿聚合物网络(SIN),其刚性相分别采用保留仲羟基的乙烯基酯树脂(VERH)以及封闭仲羟基的乙烯基酯树脂(VERA)。用傅里叶变换红外光谱在线跟踪了这类互穿网络的生成过程,发现刚性网络抑制了PU网络中硬段有序结构的形成,两个网络间有一定程度的互穿,而两个网络间的化学键作用进一步削弱氢键强度。自旋—自旋弛豫时间的测定进一步表明网络间存在一定的互穿以及刚性相对于PU硬段结晶的抑制作用。材料的力学性能与其SIN的形态有关。VERA网络对PU表现出明显的增强作用,而由VERH网络形成的SIN则由于体系相分离进程受到严重阻碍而使材料性能恶化。 相似文献
102.
103.
Páez-Hernández ME Aguilar-Arteaga K Valiente M Ramírez-Silva MT Romero-Romo M Palomar-Pardavé M 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2004,380(4):690-697
The results presented in this work deal with the prime application of activated composite membranes (ACMs) for the transport of Hg(II) ions in a continuous extraction–re-extraction system using di-(2-ethylhexyl)dithiophosphoric acid (DTPA) as carrier. The effects of variables such as the pH, the nature of the acid and the concentration of the casting solutions on the transport of Hg(II) are also investigated. When the ACM was prepared with a 0.5 M DTPA solution and when the feed solution contained 2.5×10–4 M Hg(II) in 0.1 M HCl, the amount of mercury extracted was greater than 76%. The re-extracted mercury was subsequently recovered by means of a stripping phase comprising 0.3 M thiourea solution in 2 M H2SO4, yielding 54% of the initial amount of mercury after transport had taken place for 180 min. 相似文献
104.
壳聚糖/聚丙烯酸聚电解质复合物膜对水/有机液体系的渗透汽化性能 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
以壳聚糖和聚丙烯酸为原料制备了聚电解质复合物膜,并对其分离水/乙醇体系的渗透汽化特性和浓度,温度,化学组成等因素的影响进行了研究,发现后处理方法对复合物膜的分离性能影响很大。同时对其它水/有机液体系,该膜也具备优异的分离性能。 相似文献
105.
Rong-Qiang Fu Tong-Wen Xu Yi-Yun Cheng Wei-Hua Yang Zhong-Xiao Pan 《Journal of membrane science》2004,240(1-2):141-147
Starburst dendrimer polyamidoamine (PAMAM) with ellipsoidal or spheroidal shape is structure-regular and has much more amino groups than conventional polymers. This paper investigates the possibility of these amino groups on water dissociation in a bipolar membrane interface. To do this, a bipolar membrane is prepared by casting the solution of sulfonated poly(phenylene oxide) (SPPO) in dimethyl formamide (DMF) on a commercial anion exchange membrane that is immersed in PAMAM aqueous solution in advance. The existence of PAMAM adsorbed on the membrane is proved by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the adsorption amount is evaluated by weighting method. The junction thickness of the prepared bipolar membrane is determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and the performance is evaluated by current–voltage curves. The experiments show that both the generation and concentration of PAMAM would strongly affect the characteristics of the bipolar membranes. There exists a transitional concentration for various generations PAMAMs to catalyze effectively the water dissociation, and above or below the transitional concentration the performance of bipolar membranes is decreasing. The higher the generation, the lower the concentration. Moreover, at a fixed solution concentration, there is not the simple relation of monotone decreasing or increasing between the performance of bipolar membranes and the generations of PAMAMs. All these can be explained according to the characteristics of PAMAMs combined with available water dissociation theory. 相似文献
106.
Moon Hwan Cho Seung Chang Yang Nam Keun Yang Yongjin Kang Jaejung Ko 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》1998,30(4):279-287
The thermodynamic parameters for the interaction of Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Cd2+, andAg+ with the new title ligand have been determined by titration calorimetry in 50% THF–methanol (V/V) at 25 °C.Ag+ exhibited remarkably higher complexation selectivity.Ag+ and several transition metal ions have been transportedusing this ligand as carrier in a bulk liquid membrane. CompetitiveAg+–M2+ transport studies have also beencarried out for the same system. In this membrane transport study, high transport of Ag+ was observed in both single and competitiveAg+–M2+ transport studies. The complexformation of N,N-bis[o-(diphenylphosphino)benzylidene]ethylenediamine (P2N2) with silver,[Ag(P2N2)] (NO3), (1) is reported. Complex 1 has been characterized by X-ray crystallography. 1 ismonoclinic, space group P21/n (No. 14), with cell dimensionsa = 13.398(4) , b=12.577(5) , c = 21.521(4) , =100.14(2) , V = 3570(2) 3 and Z = 4. 相似文献
107.
Sodium-dicyclohexyl- 18-crown-6 complex cation was used as carrier for the uphill transport of zinc as Zn(SCN)42? complex anion. By using L-cysteine as a metal ion acceptor in the receiving phase at the optimized pH of 7.6, the amount of zinc transport through the liquid membrane after 90 min was 97.2 ± 1.0%. The selectivity and efficiency of zinc transport from aqueous solutions containing equimolar mixtures of Ag+, Cd2+ Co2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Pd2+, Sr2+, Bi3+, Cr3+ and Fe3+ ions was investigated. In the presence of NH2OH.HCl as a suitable masking agent in the source phase, the interfering effect of Cu2+ and Pb2+ ions was diminished drastically. 相似文献
108.
本文以多种聚醚为软段,二异氰酸酯(MDI和TDI)为硬段,合成了多嵌段聚醚聚氨酯,以此聚氨酯为基材,与NaH及1,3-丙碳酸内酯反应,进一步合成了一系列不同离子化程度的阴离子型碳化聚氨酯离聚物,用交流阻抗谱仪测定了样品的阻抗谱,由此计算出样品的离子电导率。研究结果表明其他条件相同时,以聚乙二醇(PEG)为软段的样品具有较高的离子电导率;以聚环氧丙烷(PPO)为软段的样品次之,以聚四氢呋喃(PTMO)为软段的样品最低,对于离子化程度不同的聚氨酯离聚物以金属离子和烷氧单元之比为0.05时导电性能最好。阳离子为Li+和Na+的样品具有相近的离子电导率。 相似文献
109.
A comparison is made between the distribution of residue preferences, three dimensional nearest neighbour contacts, preferred rotamers, helix-helix crossover angles and peptide bond angles in three sets of proteins: a non-redundant set of accurately determined globular protein structures, a set of four-helix bundle structures and a set of membrane protein structures. Residue preferences for the latter two sets may reflect overall helix stabilising propensities but may also highlight differences arising out of the contrasting nature of the solvent environments in these two cases. The results bear out the expectation that there may be differences between residue type preferences in membrane proteins and in water soluble globular proteins. For example, the -branched residue types valine and isoleucine are considerably more frequently encountered in membrane helices. Likewise, glycine and proline, residue types normally associated with `helix-breaking' propensity are found to be relatively more common in membrane helices. Three dimensional nearest neighbour contacts along the helix, preferred rotamers, and peptide bond angles are very similar in the three sets of proteins as far as can be ascertained within the limits of the relatively low resolution of the membrane proteins dataset. Crossing angles for helices in the membrane protein set resemble the four helix bundle set more than the general non-redundant set, but in contrast to both sets they have smaller crossing angles consistent with the dual requirements for the helices to form a compact structure while having to span the membrane. In addition to the pairwise packing of helices we investigate their global packing and consider the question of helix supercoiling in helix bundle proteins. 相似文献
110.
Phase-pure and well-intergrown Cu-LTA membranes are developed through copper ions exchange of sodium ions in Na-LTA framework. For pervaporation of 90.0 wt% ethanol/10.0 wt% water mixtures, the Cu-LTA membrane shows much higher water flux than Na-LTA membranes due to the enhancement of the pore size after ions exchange. 相似文献