Synthesis of Polylactide: Effect of Dispersion of the Initiator

The ring opening polymerization of L-lactide was studied in bulk using stannous octoate as initiator. In some experiments, triphenylphosphine, a Lewis base was also used as co-initiator. The polymerization was carried out at 130°C up to 29 h. The monomer was used after recrystallizing three times with dry toluene. Experiments were carried out using a wide range of monomer to initiator ratio. The averages and distributions of molar masses of resulting PLA have been determined by means of size exclusion chromatography, SEC. It is shown that the (mode, process) procedure of dispersion of the catalyst in polymerization system affects the molar mass distribution of the product as is evidenced by the bimodality or even trimodality observed in the SEC chromatograms.     

Synthesis of Alkyl (5-Oxo-2-thioxo-[1,3,4]thiadiazinan-6-ylidene)acetates by the Reaction of N-Aminorhodanine,Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylates,and Triphenylphosphine

Protonation of the reactive zwitterionic intermediate produced from the reaction between triphenylphosphine and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates by N-aminorhodanine followed by the addition of the conjugate anion of N-aminorhodanine on the produced vinylphosphonium cation leads to alkyl (5-oxo-2-thioxo-[1,3,4]thiadiazinan-6-ylidene)acetates in good yields.     

In Situ Generation of Formaldehyde and Triphenylphosphine from (Hydroxymethyl)triphenylphosphonium and Its Application in Wittig Olefination

The reaction of (hydroxymethyl)triphenylphosphonium with benzylic or allylic halide under basic conditions at room temperature affords terminal alkenes in 61–89% yields. In this reaction, both formaldehyde and triphenylphosphine are in situ generated from (hydroxymethyl)triphenylphosphonium and further undergo Wittig olefination with benzylic or allylic halide.     

An Unusual Triphenylphosphine Oxide Catalyzed Stereoselective 1,3‐Dichlorination of Unsaturated Ketoesters

An unusual Ph₃PO‐catalyzed stereoselective 1,3‐dicholorination of an unsaturated ketoester has been developed. The novel activation mode involved in this cascade reaction can promote consecutively elusive transformations. The products were obtained with good yields and excellent stereoselectivities. This reaction makes important complementation to the limitations associated with the field of dichlorination.     

Ketene acetal monomers: Synthesis and characterization

A new, facile, and high-yield synthesis of ketene acetals derived from readily available and inexpensive starting materials has been developed. For example, an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde can be condensed with an alkane diol to afford a 2-vinyl substituted cyclic acetal. This latter compound can be converted to the desired cyclic ketene acetal by isomerization of the double bond in the presence of tris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) dichloride. Good to excellent yields of cyclic ketene acetals were obtained employing this method. The novel monomers were fully characterized by IR, NMR, and by elemental analysis. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

DDQ/PPh3催化的N-苯甲酰苯胺衍生物中间体的有效合成及晶体结构

在DDQ/PPh₃作用下,以2-异丙基苯甲酸或水杨酸为原料,在温和条件下以较高的收率合成、分离得到两个化合物(2)和(3)。化合物(2)和(3)与苯胺在氯仿中加热回流可分别转化为酰胺类化合物(4)和(5)。所有化合物通过元素分析、质谱、核磁共振进行了表征,并解析了化合物(2)和(3)的X-衍射单晶结构。化合物1,2-二(2-异丙基苯甲酸)-2,3-二氰-5,6-二氯苯(2)晶体属单斜晶系,空间群P2₁/c,其晶胞参数为：a=1.2875(3)nm,b=1.5186(2)nm,c=1.5726(3)nm,β=122.23(3)°,V=2.6010(1)nm³,D_c=1.331g·cm^-3,Z=4,F(000)=1080,R₁=0.0572,wR₂=0.1260;化合物1,2-二(2-羟基苯甲酸)-2,3-二氰-5,6-二氯苯(3)晶体属三斜晶系,空间群P1,其晶胞参数为：a=0.87776(16)nm,b=1.13111(15)nm,c=1.18639(17)nm,α=69.290(2)°,β=89.409(3)°,γ=67.878(2)°,V=1.0104(3)nm³,D_c=1.542g·cm^-3,Z=2,F(000)=476,R₁=0.0383,wR₂=0.0931。强π-π堆积作用和分子间氢键将化合物(2)和(3)组装成稳定的三维结构。     

Three-Component Reaction of Triphenylphosphine,Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate,and Aldehyde Benzoylhydrazones: An Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of Stable Phosphorus Ylides

Protonation of the reactive 1:1 intermediate produced in the reaction between dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate and triphenylphosphine by benzoylhydrazones leads to vinylphosphonium salts, which undergo Michael addition with the conjugate base of the NH acid to produce highly fanctionalized, salt-free phosphorus ylides in excellent yields.     

Ph_3P/Mo~Ⅵ体系对吡啶-N-氧化物的脱氧反应

近年来,吡啶-N-氧化物在吡啶衍生物的合成中,日见重要。由于吡啶环上氮原子的电子效应,使吡啶环上的亲电取代反应较难发生,但将吡啶转变成其N-氧化物后,就改变了吡啶环上的电荷密度,使亲电反应能顺利地在2、     

Changes in fungal and bacterial populations in soil treated with two triorganotin(IV) compounds

The effects of two triorganotin(IV) compounds, diphenylbutyltin bromide (Ph₂BuSnBr) and triphenyltin chloride·triphenylphosphine oxide (Ph₃SnCl·Ph₃PO), on soil bacterial and fungal populations were compared with that of Thiram and the commercial triorganotin fungicide ‘Brestan’ (triphenyltin acetate, Ph₃SnOAc). Soil fungal populations were reduced most by Thiram, then by Ph₃SnCl·Ph₃PO, Ph₂BuSnBr and Ph₃SnOAc, in that order. Following the application of the compounds, there was a marked increase in the bacterial population in soil, the increase being greatest with Thiram and least with Ph₃SnCl·Ph₃PO. The triorganotin(IV) compounds were less harmful to soil fungi than Thiram. In Thiram-treated soil, recolonization was slower than in soil treated with the triorganotin(IV) compounds. More species of fungi were tolerant to and persisted after application of the triorganotin(IV) compounds compared with Thiram. Among the fungi that were tolerant to the triorganotin(IV) compounds were cellulolytic species such as Trichoderma.