水溶性高聚物萃取分离光度法测定Ca2+的研究

利用在无机盐存在下,水溶性高聚物可分为两相的特点,研究了在聚乙二醇-邻苯二酚紫-邻二氮菲-硫酸铵体系中,Ca2+、Al3+、Co2+、Cu2+、Fe3+、Ni2+、Pb2+、Zn2+混合溶液中Ca2+的分离及测定条件,实现了Ca2+与Al3+、Co2+、Cu2+、Fe3+、Ni2+、Pb2+、Zn2+的定量分离和测定.Ca2+质量浓度在0.05～1.0 μg/mL范围内具有良好的线性关系,回收率92%～105%.     

Coupling between polymer adsorption and colloidal particle aggregation

Studies of the adsorption of high molecular weight polymers on colloidal latex and silica particles and their subsequent flocculation were carried out. Neutral polyethylene oxide samples with both a narrow and a broad molecular weight distribution were used together with low charged cationic copolymers. The influence of the particle concentration and polymer dose on the flocculation were systematically investigated under quiescent conditions.Equilibrium bridging only occurred with polyelectrolyte, even in very dilute suspensions, at high particle coverage. In contrast to this, non-equilibrium bridging occurred with both neutral polymer and polyelectrolytes but only for more concentrated suspensions and small amounts of adsorbed polymer. Polymer adsorption in dilute suspensions, which did not show particle aggregation was measured an electrophoretic technique. In more concentrated suspensions, where flocculation takes place, we found that aggregation prevents further polymer adsorption and induces both an excluded volume and a surface effect. The consequences on the shape of the isotherms differ according to the aggregation mechanism.A significant decrease of the amount, , of adsorbed polymer is observed with non-equilibrium bridging. When both mechanisms simultaneously contribute to the aggregation, the value of depends on their relative importance. In the intermediate range of copolymer dose their respective contributions are critically sensitive to the details of the mixing step and stirring, leading to non reproducible experimental results.     

基于交叉共轭结构的功能材料

近年来,人们对交叉共轭体系的制备、性能以及理论研究方面产生了极大的兴趣。本文综述了近期国内外在交叉共轭体系研究方面取得的一些最新进展,重点介绍了其在自组装、有机电致发光和离子检测等方面的最新发展动态。最后还对本课题组在交叉型p-n双嵌段寡聚物方面的研究作了详细的介绍,并对一些热点问题作了展望。     

剪切流动对共混物相行为影响的研究进展

介绍了国外８０年代以来开展的剪切流动对聚合物共混物相容性影响的研究概况，并着重介绍了采用最新的二维小角激光散射流变仪和光学显微流变仪对共混物体系在剪切应力作用下相行为的研究结果，反映了该前沿领域的最新进展。     

聚合物系统中的传能和光化学

评论了聚合物系统中非辐射能量传递类型,影响能量传递的因素,以及能量传递同聚合物光化学的关系,附22篇文献。     

聚合物强化辐射交联研究进展

本文综述卫应用含有多个Ｃ＝Ｃ不饱和基团的多官能团单体来强化辐射交联聚合物的研究进展，对强化交联的反应机理、多官能团单体的强化交联行为、强化交联的影响因素及强化交联的研究表征方法进行了介绍。     

An electrochemical investigation on (MoO<Subscript>3</Subscript>+PVP+PVA) nanobelts for lithium batteries

Molybdenum trioxide (MoO₃) xerogel films modified with poly(vinyl alcohol)+poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP+PVA) polyblends were obtained by ion-exchange method with sol-gel technique. Investigations were conducted using X-ray “diffractometry”, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The results show that the H atoms in polyblend are H-bonded with the O atoms in the Mo=O bonds of MoO₃ xerogel, which effectively shield the electrostatic interaction between MoO₃ interlayer and Li⁺ ions when MoO₃ xerogel is modified by the intercalation of (PVP+PVA). The reversibility of the insertion/extraction of Li⁺ ions is greatly improved by the modification with polyblend of MoO₃ nanocomposite films. MoO₃ and (PVP+PVA) _x MoO₃ (x = 0, 0.5) nanobelts were obtained by a simple hydrothermal process from MoO₃ sol. The electrochemical cells with configuration Li/(LiPF₆+EC+DMC)/MoO₃ modified by (PVP+PVA) were fabricated and their discharge profiles studied.     

聚合物光老化、光稳定机理与光稳定剂(上)

大多数聚合物材料,包括塑料、橡胶、纤维、涂料等,在户外使用时会发生光老化而使使用寿命缩短。为有效防止聚合物材料的光劣化,人们已对聚合物的光老化和光稳定机理进行了广泛的研究并先后研发出了几个类型的光稳定剂。但由于户外应用范围不断扩大和环境不断恶化正使聚合物的光老化变得越来越复杂而光防护难度也日益加大,因此国内外有关聚合物光老化、光稳定机理的研究和光稳定剂的研发一直十分活跃。本文上篇主要阐述聚合物的光老化机理。     

蒸馏沉淀聚合过程中交联度对单分散聚合物微球形成的影响书

以苯乙烯为单体、二乙烯基苯（DVB）为交联剂，过氧化二苯甲酰（BPO）为引发剂研究了蒸馏沉淀聚合法制备聚合物微球过程中交联单体二乙烯苯的用量对单分散聚合物微球成球的影响。结果表明，增加二乙烯基苯的比例，即提高交联度有利于形成单分散的聚合物微球。     

Study of the α-relaxation of PVC, EVA and 50/50 EVA70/PVC blend

The dipole dynamics and α-relaxation behaviour of polyvinyl chloride PVC, poly(ethylene-co-vinyl-acetate) EVA₇₀ and blend of them EVA₇₀/PVC have been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS). The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms measured on samples show a single glass transition in the analysed temperature range. These three polymers are wholly amorphous and pure PVC and pure EVA₇₀ are miscible in the ratio 1:1. The glass transition temperature T_g decreases significantly with presence of EVA₇₀. Furthermore, the values of apparent activation energies for molecular motions at the α-relaxation and the values of fragility index have also been determined for each sample using Moynihan expression for DSC results and Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann-Hesse (VFTH) form for DRS results. It is shown a large dependence of all the values of these parameters with the content of EVA₇₀. Comparing these three polymers, we found that the more fragile glass forming liquid is the PVC. Fragility decreases drastically with EVA₇₀ content. EVA₇₀ and EVA₇₀/PVC blend exhibit practically the same behaviour. The effect of inter- and intra-molecular interactions on fragility is discussed to explain these variations.