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151.
Sodium poly(styrenesulfonate)(polySSNa)-grafted polymer nanoparticles were synthesized by core-cross-linking of block copolymer micelles and subsequent chemical transformation. Block copolymers, poly(p-((1-methyl)silacyclobutyl)styrene-block-poly(neopentyl p-styrenesulfonate)s, polySBS-b-polySSPen, were synthesized by nitroxy-mediated living radical polymerization. The block copolymers formed micelles (Rh=15-23 nm, where Rh represents the hydrodynamic radius) with a polySBS core and polySSPen shell in acetone. The micelle core was cross-linked by ring-opening polymerization of silacyclobutyl groups in polySBS. Hydrolysis of the neopentyl groups provided polySSNa-grafted nanoparticles. The Rh of the particles before the hydrolysis ranged from 12 to 21 nm in acetone, while they varied to the range from 50 to 110 nm in water after the hydrolysis. 相似文献
152.
Andrzej Olczak Marek L. Gwka Jolanta Goka Magorzata Szczesio Joanna Bojarska Krystyna Kozowska Henryk Foks Czesawa Orlewska 《Journal of Molecular Structure》2007,830(1-3):171-175
Crystal structures of two title compounds and several their relatives known earlier reveal conservative and characteristic features, which may be related to their tuberculostatic activity. The molecules are predominantly planar due to conjugation through five successive bonds in the zwitterionic fragment S−–C(sp2)–N–NH+–C(sp2)–NH2 and intramolecular hydrogen bonds, which prevent rotation of the adjacent pyrazine (or pyridine) ring. It has been suggested that in spatial sense such planar molecules resemble acridines intercalating with nucleic acids and that similar process may be responsible for tuberculostatic activity of the title pyrazine-2-carboxamide-N′-carbonothioyl-hydrazones. 相似文献
153.
G. Hirankumar S. Selvasekarapandian M. S. Bhuvaneswari R. Baskaran M. Vijayakumar 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2006,10(4):193-197
Thick films of pure polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl alcohol doped with silver nitrate with different compositions have been
prepared by solution cast technique. The FT-IR spectrum confirms the complexation process. The conductivity of the pure polyvinyl
alcohol is of the order of 10−7 Sm−1 at 90 °C, and its value increases by two orders of magnitude when doped with 20 wt% of AgNO3. The activation energy, calculated from the Arrhenius plot for all compositions of the poly vinyl alcohol doped with silver
nitrate, is between 0.24 and 0.35 eV. The migration energy for the ion in polymer electrolyte has been calculated from the
modulus spectrum, and is in good agreement with the activation energy calculated from the Arrhenius plot. The modulus spectra
indicate the non-Debye nature of the material. 相似文献
154.
高分子固体电解质研究进展 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
高分子固体电解质具有质轻、粘弹性了、易成膜等许多无机电解质和有机溶剂电解质所不可比拟的优点,近年来得到了很大的发展,这种新型材料的应用主要集中开发全固态锂电池和锂离子电池。本文对SPE的电性能,离子传导特性以及提高SPE性能的途径等作了综述,并对其发展前景作了简要探讨。 相似文献
155.
核酸切割试剂与寡聚核苷酸(ODN)偶联制得的人工核酸酶能在特定位点断裂DNA或RNA,为人工核酸酶的分子设计提供了一种新方法.本文综述了金属配合物-ODN识别切割试剂的偶联方式及其与靶分子的作用机制,并指出了今后的研究方向. 相似文献
156.
Hayley A. Every Michael A. Hickner James E. McGrath Thomas A. Zawodzinski Jr. 《Journal of membrane science》2005,250(1-2):183-188
Methanol diffusion in two polymer electrolyte membranes, Nafion 117 and BPSH 40 (a 40% disulfonated wholly aromatic polyarylene ether sulfone), was measured using a modified pulsed field gradient NMR method. This method allowed for the diffusion coefficient of methanol within the membrane to be determined while immersed in a methanol solution of known concentration. A second set of gradient pulses suppressed the signal from the solvent in solution, thus allowing the methanol within the membrane to be monitored unambiguously. Over a methanol concentration range of 0.5–8 M, methanol diffusion coefficients in Nafion 117 were found to increase from 2.9 × 10−6 to 4.0 × 10−6 cm2 s−1. For BPSH 40, the diffusion coefficient dropped significantly over the same concentration range, from 7.7 × 10−6 to 2.5 × 10−6cm2 s−1. The difference in diffusion behavior is largely related to the amount of solvent sorbed by the membranes. Increasing the methanol concentration results in an increase in solvent uptake for Nafion 117, while BPSH 40 actually excludes the solvent at higher concentrations. In contrast, diffusion of methanol measured via permeability measurements (assuming a partition coefficient of 1) was lower (1.3 × 10−6 and 6.4 × 10−7 cm2 s−1 for Nafion 117 and BPSH 40 respectively) and showed no concentration dependence. The differences observed between the two techniques are related to the length scale over which diffusion is monitored and the partition coefficient, or solubility, of methanol in the membranes as a function of concentration. For the permeability measurements, this length is equal to the thickness of the membrane (178 and 132 μm for Nafion 117 and BPSH 40 respectively) whereas the NMR method observes diffusion over a length of approximately 4–8 μm. Regardless of the measurement technique, BPSH 40 is a greater barrier to methanol permeability at high methanol concentrations. 相似文献
157.
Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG 3400) was used as a soluble polymeric support for the synthesis of a series of novel benzazepines. The key step for the preparation of these heterocycles was a phosphine-free palladium-catalyzed Heck reaction. Palladium nanoparticles formed during the course of the reaction were characterized. The presence of PEG 3400 influenced the outcome of the reaction in terms of selectivity. 相似文献
158.
Supermolecular structure and phase morphology of the ternary isotactic polypropylene/atactic polystyrene/poly(styrene-b-ethylene-co-propylene) (iPP/aPS/SEP) compression molded blends with 100/0, 90/10, 70/30, and 50/50 iPP/aPS weight ratios and with different amounts of added SEP compatibilizer were studied by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). SEP significantly reduced the size of dispersed aPS particles that enabled better spherulitization in the iPP matrix. Furthermore, iPP spherulites in ternary blends with 90/10 iPP/aPS weight ratio became larger in comparison with the pure iPP. TEM revealed that the SEP formed continuous interface layer around the dispersed aPS particles even when only 2.5 wt.% of SEP was added. Particle size distribution was distinctly bimodal. When the SEP content was increased to 10 wt.%, joining together smaller and bigger aPS and SEP particles formed dispersed aggregates. Additionally, both amorphous components (aPS and SEP) influenced crystallization process of iPP matrix and so modified, to some extent, its final supermolecular structure. SEP compatibilizer did not significantly affect crystallite orientation. The increase of crystallite sizes, which was more affected by the addition of aPS than by the addition of SEP, seemed to be influenced by the solidification effect rather than by the phase morphology of the blends. 相似文献
159.
J. Šňupárek L. Mrkvičková O. Quadrat Z. Walterová P. Bradna 《Colloid and polymer science》2000,278(12):1205-1210
Model ethyl acrylate–methacrylic acid copolymer latices and latices of particles cross-linked by copolymerizing small amounts
of water-soluble N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide were prepared by nonseeded semicontinuous emulsion copolymerization. Dynamic and static light scattering
measurements indicated a slightly higher degree of polydispersity in the case of cross-linked particles, especially in the
initial stages of polymerization. The hydrodynamic volume of the alkalinized particles controlling the viscosity properties
of the dispersions decreased with the time of polymerization and in the case of cross-linked copolymer almost reached a constant
value at about 1 h. The different character of the particle structure was confirmed by differences in particle disintegration
after alkali addition or in the presence of methanol.
Received: 2 February 1999/Accepted: 28 June 2000 相似文献
160.