聚乙二醇类表面活性剂对硅表面无电沉积Ag膜光滑作用研究

应用原子力显微镜技术及开路电位～时间谱技术,研究了非离子表面活性剂聚乙二醇2000,6000,20000对硅(100)表面无电沉积银膜的光滑作用.实验表明硅(100)表面无电沉积银的光滑程度以及镀层的质量均随聚乙二醇聚合度的增加而变好.     

取向PET薄膜偶极热松弛的研究

用纵拉、先纵后横、纵-横-纵等拉伸方式得到了各种平面取向程度的PET薄膜。短路热释电流温谱显示α峰随平面取向度增大向高温线性移动。被冻结的大分子主链链段偶极热松弛活化能随反式构象含量增大呈线性下降。热松弛时间常数则随反式构象含量增大而增长。     

Fe3+掺杂TiO2光催化降解聚乙烯薄膜的研究

以快速溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米TiO₂光催化剂，并用Fe³⁺对其掺杂改性，在室温条件下, 用于固相光催化降解聚乙烯(PE)包装薄膜的研究. 对催化剂和薄膜进行了X衍射分析(XRD)、傅立叶红外光谱分析(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)形貌观察. 结果表明， 60 W紫外光辐射240 h后， PE失重为8.43%, 锐钛矿型纳米TiO₂光催化剂使PE失重30.66%；用Fe³⁺掺杂后，0.5%Fe₂O3/TiO₂、1.0%Fe₂O₃/TiO₂和2.0%Fe₂O3/TiO₂分别使PE失重35.91%、20.72%和13.30%. 光催化剂加速了PE的失重，碳链的断裂和光氧化腐蚀，在薄膜表面形成大量的坑洞，降解产物中的小分子量的石蜡含量明显增高. Fe³⁺掺杂有一个最佳量， 0.5%Fe₂O3/TiO₂光催化降解PE的活性最高.     

聚乙烯尼龙共混物的PGC-MS和FT-IR联用鉴别

采用裂解气相色谱-质谱法和红外光谱法研究聚乙烯和尼龙共混物的组成;据此建立鉴别聚乙烯共混物组分的方法;红外光谱法可以准确鉴别出尼龙组分,裂解气相色谱-质谱法可以准确鉴别出聚乙烯组分以及尼龙的具体结构;二种方法结合使用,可以准确鉴别聚乙烯和尼龙共混物的组分。     

Determination of thiamine in blood serum and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with direct injection and post-column derivatization

Thiamine (vitamin B₁) was determined in human serum and urine by HPLC with fluorimetric detection of its oxidation product, thiochrome. The samples were injected directly into the chromatographic system without previous treatment or dilution. A column filled with an ultra-high molecular weight surface-modified polyethylene (PE) was able to separate matrix components from analyte and also to allow a good chromatographic resolution of thiamine. The interaction of thiamine, thiocrome and both matrices (serum and urine) with PE was studied off- and on-line to determine the optimal procedure for vitamin B₁ determination. When carried off-line, matrix adsorption yield was 49 mg serum proteins/g polymer and components of 1000 μl urine/g polymer. In an on-line arrangement, the yield dropped to 10 mg/g and 150 μl/g, respectively. The matrix/analyte separation was carried out in an on-line procedure on a 50×4.6-mm, 25-μm PE column, using a water-sodium phosphate-methanol gradient elution. Part of the matrix was eluted within the first 2 min and thiamine after 3.8 min. The rest of the matrix retained on the column was eluted after thiamine at the last step of the gradient elution. Analysis time was 12 min. The within-day and day-to-day precision gave C.V. varying from 3.6% to 14.5% and recoveries from spiked samples were in the range of 84.8-98.8%.     

Rheological Behavior of the Melts for Polyethylene-based Montmorillonite Nanocomposites

IntroductionOwing to their special structures or morphologies,polymer-based montmorillonite nanocomposites exhibitsome particular characteristics,such as,physical,thermal,and mechanical properties,induced by theaddition of very small amounts of inorganic …     

以聚乙二醇为模板剂制备MoS2空心微球

以聚乙二醇(PEG)为模板剂, 采用软模板法制备出MoS2空心微球, 并采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、红外光谱仪(IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对产物进行表征. 结果表明, 所制备的MoS2为粒径约2-7 μm的空心微球, 但结晶程度较差, 需通过退火工艺进行改善; 聚乙二醇与MoS2发生了较为强烈的有机-无机杂化作用, 其浓度和分子量对产物形貌调控均有重要影响. 同时, 结合红外光谱分析, 对MoS2空心微球的形成机理进行了初步的探讨.     

Lifetime prediction of a blue PE100 water pipe

The traditional method to assess the lifetime of plastic pipes is based on hydrostatic pressure testing. A complementary approach has been conducted to monitor the depletion of antioxidants and initiation of thermo-oxidative degradation on a PE100 blue water pipe that had been exposed to hydrostatic pressure in water at low test temperatures (maximum 80 °C).Depletion of antioxidants was monitored using OIT testing and initiation of thermo-oxidative degradation was assessed by iodometric detection of hydroperoxides. An empirical model based on the Arrhenius fit of the data was developed to extrapolate the lifetime of the PE100 pipe material at various service temperatures (10-25 °C). Associated activation energies, E_a, were determined and appeared to be in line with the values obtained from experiments carried out at low test temperatures. The combination of pressure testing and chemical analyses proved to be a very powerful tool to extrapolate the lifetime of plastic pipes.     

The development of spherulite morphology in polymers

Morphology of polyethylene spherulites has been investigated by the low-dose technique using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in a scanning mode for dark field and microdiffraction. Specimens were prepared by solvent casting and subsequent recrystallization at different temperatures. The dark-field studies provide spatial information on the lamellar morphology. Two major types of spherulite morphology have been observed: At high temperatures (low crystallization rate) the dark fields show a preferred orientation of the lamellae along the 020 axis. At low temperatures the preferred orientation is 110. The microdiffraction patterns confirm the dark-field results and also show that for intermediate temperatures, regular alteration of regions with 020 and 110 growth planes is responsible for the ringed spherulite appearance. The twisted lamellae model cannot be excluded, but it is shown that it is not responsible for the regular changes in contrast. A model of dendritic growth of spherulite lamellae is used in which the plane of crystal growth is temperature dependent and, for intermediate temperatures, results in regular fluctuation in the mode of crystal growth, branching, and ringed spherulites appearance.     

Waterhammer modelling of viscoelastic pipes with a time-dependent Poisson's ratio

Poisson's ratio in viscoelastic materials is a function of time. However, recently developed waterhammer models of viscoelastic pipes consider it constant. This simplifying assumption avoids cumbersome calculations of double convolution integrals which appear if Poisson's ratio is time-dependent. The present research develops a mathematical model taking the time dependency of Poisson's ratio into account for linear viscoelastic pipes. Poisson's ratio is written in terms of relaxation function and bulk modulus which is assumed to be constant. The relaxation function is obtained from creep function given as the viscoelastic property data of pipe material. The results obtained from the present waterhammer model are compared with the experimental data for two different flow rates. The comparison reveals that with the application of the time-dependent Poisson's ratio and unsteady friction, the viscoelastic data of mechanical tests can directly be used for waterhammer analysis with less need for the calibration of the flow configuration. It was also shown that the creep curve calibrated based on the present model is closer to the actual creep curve than that calibrated based on previous models.