Total Synthesis and Structural Revision of the Antibiotic Tetrapeptide GE81112A

The total synthesis of the naturally occurring antibiotic GE81112A, a densely functionalized tetrapeptide, is reported. Comparison of spectral data with those of the natural product and the lack of biological activity of the synthesized compound led us to revise the published configuration of the 3‐hydroxypipecolic acid moiety. This hypothesis was fully validated by the synthesis of the corresponding epimer.     

超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱/静电场轨道阱质谱法快速检测化妆品中66种抗生素

采用超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法同时测定化妆品中磺胺类、沙星类等66种抗生素类化合物,建立了快速筛查数据库和定量分析方法。待测物用乙腈超声提取,C18色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm）分离,以0.1%（v/v）甲酸水溶液和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱。在正离子模式下,以保留时间和一级母离子精确质量数进行快速筛查,以高能碰撞诱导解离获得的二级碎片离子精确质量数进行确证。结果表明,化合物的线性关系良好,线性相关系数（R²）>0.99;检出限（LOD）为2~4 μg/kg;定量限（LOQ）为5~10 μg/kg;3个添加水平（1LOQ、10LOQ、30LOQ）的平均回收率为58.2%~119.1%,相对标准偏差为1.03~11.9%。该方法简便快速、定性定量可靠,适用于化妆品中抗生素类化合物的快速筛查和定量检测。     

螺旋霉素分子印迹磁性纳米吸附剂的合成及应用

制备了一种以螺旋霉素为模板分子的分子印迹磁性纳米吸附剂。以磁性纳米Fe₃O₄为内核,经丙烯酸表面修饰后再以螺旋霉素为模板分子、甲基丙烯酸为功能单体、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,通过表面自由基聚合反应制备得到。该吸附剂对螺旋霉素、交沙霉素、替米考星和酒石酸泰乐菌素4种大环内酯类抗生素表现出良好的富集效果（富集倍数分别为310、118、758和72）,其选择性明显优于常规C₁₈吸附剂。该吸附剂可重复使用至少6次。结合高效液相色谱-紫外检测器建立了上述4种抗生素的分析方法。方法检出限为0.53~2.75 μg/L,定量限为1.78~9.16 μg/L;在50、100和150 μg/L低中高3个添加水平下,方法回收率在80.78%~123.02%之间,相对标准偏差<15.8%（n=5）。该方法被应用于分析蜂蜜中的上述4种抗生素。     

Determination of multiple antibiotics in leafy vegetables using QuEChERS–UHPLC–MS/MS

A modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method was established for simultaneous extraction and cleanup of multiple antibiotics in leafy vegetables, and ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was used for analysis. Antibiotics in leafy vegetables were extracted with citric acid/sodium citrate in mixed solvents consisting of acetonitrile/methanol (85:15, v/v) from 10 g of vegetables. Octadecylsilyl and graphitized carbon black were used as dispersant adsorbents. This method was able to effectively extract all of the target antibiotics from leafy vegetables. The average recoveries of 20 antibiotics ranged from 57 to 91%. The limits of detection were 0.33–2.92 μg/kg. The developed method subsequently demonstrated its selectivity, sensitivity, and reliability for detecting multiple antibiotics in 15 samples. Antibiotic residues in vegetables have attracted great concern with respect to human health. It is recommended that standards should be established for antibiotic residues in vegetables to ensure food safety.     

Total Synthesis and Structural Reassignment of Aspergillomarasmine A

The increase and spread of Gram‐negative bacteria that resistant are to almost all currently available β‐lactam antibiotics is a major global health problem. The primary cause for drug resistance is the acquisition of metallo‐β‐lactamases such as metallo‐β‐lactamase‐1 (NDM‐1). The fungal natural product aspergillomarasmine A (AMA), a fungal natural product, is an inhibitor of NDM‐1 and has shown promising in vivo therapeutic potential in a mouse model infected with NDM‐1‐expressing Gram‐negative bacteria. The first total synthesis and stereochemical configuration reassignment of aspergillomarasmine A is reported. The synthesis highlights a flexible route and an effective strategy to achieve the required oxidation state at a late stage. This modular route is amenable to the efficient preparation of analogues for the development of metallo‐β‐lactamase inhibitors to potentiate β‐lactam antibiotics.     

In Pursuit of a Competitive Target: Total Synthesis of the Antibiotic Kendomycin

Kendomycin is a novel polyketide having a unique quinone methide ansa structure and an impressive biological profile. Herein we provide a chronological overview of the synthetic work towards the title compound. Thus far, over a period of about eight years, eight groups worldwide have published on their synthetic efforts resulting in five total syntheses, one formal synthesis, and a number of fragment syntheses. Most approaches roughly mimic the biogenetic pathway, starting with an aromatic polyphenol subunit to which a polyketide chain is attached. Subsequent key steps include macrocyclization and the formation of the densely substituted tetrahydropyran ring, and then a late‐stage oxidation and lactol formation.