Dynamic adhesive strength of fiber-polymer systems

A new device for studying the dynamic adhesive strength is created. A procedure for determining the dynamic adhesive strength in fiber—polymer systems under impact loading (pull-out technique) is developed. The adhesive strength of the interface of polymer—steel wire joints formed by polymers of different chemical nature (epoxy resin, polysulfone, and polypropylene) is examined. It is shown that the dynamic adhesive strength grows as the loading rate increases for all the systems under investigation and that the relationship between the adhesive strength and the loading rate, , over a wide range of rates can be described by two straight lines corresponding to the quasi-static and impact loading, respectively. When passing from the quasi-static to dynamic loading, the character of scale relations of the adhesive strength does not change.Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 35, No. 6, pp. 689–700, November–December, 1999.     

Substructure of Titanium Dioxide Agglomerates from Dry Ball-milling Experiments

The calciner discharge of TiO₂ white pigments from the sulphate process is ground batchwise in a planetary ball mill, varying the energy of comminution between 0 and 5.1 times the earth's gravitational constant. Particle sizes and specific surfaces of the ground products reveal that the calciner discharge consists of aggregates of 430nm diameter built from 160–210nm TiO₂ crystals. The contact area of a primary particle in an aggregate is about 15% of its surface. The success in comminution of aggregates as a function of grinding energy follows Kick's law. The theory by Rose and Weichert is used to quantify the mechanical strength of the aggregates. Ca. 20% of the aggregates are further agglomerated to granules of ca. 35µm. At all energy levels above a certain threshold, agglomerates break directly into aggregates.     

THE RELATION BETWEEN STRENGTH AND RIGIDITY OF BEAM1)

本文提出了梁的强刚比的定义,用无量纲的形式定量地表达了梁的强度与刚度之间的关系,以期充分发挥材料的潜力并促进材料力学的课堂教学。强刚比与载荷大小无关,其数值可以通过有限元方法或者通过梁的载荷试验来获得。结合工程实际,从设计和试验两个方面对梁的强刚比 及其影响因素进行了简要地探讨和分析。     

Relaxation of Paramagnetic Centers during Modulation of a Stationary Magnetic Field

It has been found that the phase shift _min in the synchronous detection block that ensures the minimum amplitude of the EPR lines of ruby, diphenylpicrylhydrazyl, and MnSO₄·5H₂O, depends on the amplitude of the modulationH _m of a stationary magnetic field. The dependence of _min on H _m is explained by the inertial nature of the recovery of the stationary states of paramagnetic centers on a change in the magnetic field strength.     

Deformational Properties of Irradiated Composite Materials Based on PET and PE

Considering the wide applicability of polymeric composite materials, heterogeneous blends of poly(ethylene terephtalate) (PET) and polyethylenes of high and low densities (HDPE and LDPE, respectively) were investigated. Rheological (the flow-behavior index), mechanical (the yield strength and the Charpy impact strength), and morphological (crystallinity and the melting temperature) properties were detected for individual blend components and different blend compositions. A radiation treatment (-rays) was applied to improve certain characteristics of the heterogeneous blends. The results of this investigation show that the radiation modification can be successfully used to improve some physical properties of the PET-based blends and to choose individual blend components, optimum irradiation conditions, and desirable blend compositions, which allows producing materials with a predictable set of mechanical properties.     

On the irregularity strength of trees

For any graph G, let n_i be the number of vertices of degree i, and . This is a general lower bound on the irregularity strength of graph G. All known facts suggest that for connected graphs, this is the actual irregularity strength up to an additive constant. In fact, this was conjectured to be the truth for regular graphs and for trees. Here we find an infinite sequence of trees with λ(T) = n₁ but strength converging to . © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 45: 241–254, 2004     

Ultrasonic characterization of heavy metal TeO2–WO3–PbO glasses below room temperature

The longitudinal ultrasonic attenuation measurements have been made using pulse echo method at fundamental frequencies of 2, 4, 6 and 8 MHz in 20WO₃–(80−x) TeO₂–xPbO ternary tellurite glasses (x=10, 12.5, 15, 17.5 and 20 mol%) in the temperature range 160–280 K. The results showed the presence of a broad peak which shifts to higher temperature with increasing frequency. The ultrasonic attenuation peaks suggest that the experimental behavior is controlled by thermally activated structural relaxations. The internal friction, acoustic activation energy, deformation potential, relaxation strength, number of loss centers and density of state have been calculated both as a function of temperature and PbO content. The acoustic activation energy was found to decrease from 0.156 to 0.135 eV with the increase of PbO content. The results showed that both the number of loss centers and their activation energy decrease with the atomic ring size. An increase in the density of state is observed with addition of PbO content at the same frequency in the whole range of temperature which is associated with structural units formed when PbO is added.     

Interfacial interaction in carbon fiber/thermoplastic composites

This work was undertaken in order to increase the understanding of the mechanism responsible for fiber/matrix interaction in carbon fiber/thermoplastic composite. From results of previous study on carbon fiber/PEEK composite, which suggested that the formation of the fiber/ matrix interaction was primarily related to a chemisorption mechanism, a study was done of the conditions required to obtain efficient fiber/matrix interaction in PA-12 and PP/carbon fiber composites. The interest in studying carbon fiber composite based on PP and PA-12 was that these two matrices are very different in terms of reactivity, polyamide having many more reactive groups than polypropylene. As expected, due to the non-reactive chemical structure of the polypropylene, fiber/matrix interaction in carbon fiber/PP composite occurred only when the matrix was thermally degraded, i.e. when the composite was molded at high temperature or under long residence time at the melt temperature. For the carbon fiber/PA-12 composite, strong fiber/matrix interaction occurred readily at relatively low molding temperature, i.e. well before thermal degradation of the matrix. It was also found that the short beam shear strength in these composites seems to evolve with molding temperature, and a maximum interfacial strength was observed at a molding temperature corresponding to the thermal degradation of the matrix. This indicates that although matrix degradation often results in strong reduction in the composite performance, some matrix degradation can be beneficial in terms of interfacial mechanical properties. Finally, this work demonstrated that while the formation of fiber/matrix interaction seems to be primarily related to a chemisorption mechanism, the contribution of interphase crystallinity to the interfacial strength is not negligible. In fact, interfacial crystallinity was found to be essential to ensure optimum interfacial strength.     

降载勾线法在高强钢疲劳断裂试验中的应用

制作高强钢特征试件,在压、弯应力共同作用下进行疲劳断裂试验;结合疲劳辉纹产生机理,采用降载勾线法在试件断面制造出“海滩状花纹”;利用CAD软件描绘断面形貌并测量裂纹长度,用Newman-Raju理论进一步研究表面裂纹扩展的规律,并与试验值比较.结果表明降载勾线法可以解决高强度钢表面裂纹不易测量及断面难以观测到疲劳辉纹的问题;采用Newman-Raju公式模拟压弯组合应力下表面裂纹扩展形貌是合适的,但由此计算的疲劳寿命偏于保守.另外,当压弯应力比值较小时,计算扩展形貌时压应力可以忽略,而计算疲劳寿命时压应力不可忽略.     

类锂等电子系列高位三激发态2p2np4So能量和到1s2pmp4P态的辐射跃迁

利用多组态相互作用方法及Rayleigh-Ritz变分法,计算了类锂离子2p²np⁴S^o(n=2—4)和1s2pmp⁴P(m=2,3)的能量.运用截断变分方法得到能量的改进量.计算了相对论修正、质量极化效应,从而获得了高精度的能量计算值.同时还计算了该系统之间的辐射跃迁波长、振子强度和辐射跃迁率.计算结果与实验符合得很好. 关键词： 三激发态 类锂离子 振子强度 辐射跃迁