平菇微量元素含量的分析

用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定了湛江市栽培的平菇中微量元素的含量，发现其磷、硫、钙、镁、锌、铁、铜等元素含量都比较丰富，并讨论了这些有益元素与人体健康的关系。     

野生糙皮侧耳子实体多糖的脱色素效果比较

用乙醇沉淀法从野生糙皮侧耳子实体中提取水溶性多糖,分别用活性碳,二乙氨乙基(DEAE)纤维素,H2O2,重蒸酚等4种脱色剂进行脱色;并以酵母聚糖为标准品比较脱色效果,用光谱扫描法检测光吸收强度的变化;结果表明,用0.75%浓度的活性碳脱色后,有色杂质的去除效果最好,光谱吸收峰最接近标准品。     

新疆人工栽培阿魏菇多糖含量的测定

采用可见分光光度法测定阿魏菇多糖的含量.以葡萄糖为对照品,以蒽酮-浓硫酸为显色剂,在625nm处测定样品溶液的吸光度.在0.00-20.00μg/mL范围内,葡萄糖质量浓度与吸光度呈良好线性关系,相关系数r=0.9995.回收率在98.3%-104.5%之间.相对标准偏差RSD为2.17%(n=5),新疆阿魏菇多糖含量...     

Syntheses of Aromatic Aldehydes by Laccase of Pleurotus ostreatus MTCC-1801

Selective bioconversion of the aromatic methyl group to its aldehyde group is one of the best applications of the laccases. In the present communication, crude laccase, obtained from the liquid culture medium of the fungal strain Pleurotus ostreatus MTCC-1801, has been used for the selective bioconversion of toluene, 3-nitrotoluene, 4-nitrotoluene, 2-fluorotoluene, 4-fluorotoluene, 2-chlorotoluene, 3-chlorotoluene, 4-chlorotoluene, and 3,4-dimethoxytoluene to benzaldehyde, 3-nitrobenzaldehyde, 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, 2-fluorobenzaldehyde, 4-fluorobenzaldehyde, 2-chlorobenzaldehyde, 3-chlorobenzaldehyde, 4-chlorobenzaldehyde, and 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, respectively, in the presence of 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) as a mediator molecule. Time taken by these conversions was 1–2 h, and average yield of products was more than 93%.     

Enhanced catalytic features of sol-gel immobilized MnP isolated from solid state culture of Pleurotus ostreatus IBL-02

An indigenous and industrially important manganese peroxidase (MnP) isolated from solid state culture of Pleurotus ostreatus IBL-02 was 2.1-fold purified and immobilized using sol-gel matrix of trimethoxysilane and proplytetramethoxysilane. Lower KM, higher Vmax, hyper-activation, enhanced acidic and thermal stability up to 70℃, were the improved/enhanced catalytic features of the presently sol-gel immobilized MnP. A maximum of 100% decolorization was achieved within a short time period for the different real dyes containing textile industry effluents i.e. Nishat textile (NIT), K&N textile (KIT), Sitara textile (SIT), and Crescent textile (CRT).     

Biodestruction of Lignins by the Basidiomycete Pleurotus ostreatus

The depolymerization, demethoxylation, and oxidation of lignin by the common oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)is demonstrated     

Biodegradation of Fluoranthene by Basidiomycetes Fungal Isolate <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pleurotus Ostreatus</Emphasis> HP-1

The biodegradation of fluoranthene, a high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), was investigated in submerged culture using the wood decaying fungus isolated from forest locality in Gujarat, India. The basidiomycete fungal isolate was found to have an ability to grow on sabaroud dextrose agar containing 50 mgl⁻¹ of each naphthalene, anthracene, acenaphthene, benzo (a) anthracene, pyrene, flouranthene, carbazole, and biphenyl. The involvement of extracellular fungal peroxidases such as manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase (Phenol oxidase) in the degradation of fluoranthene was studied. On the eighth day of incubation 54.09% of 70 mg l⁻¹ fluoranthene was removed. There after no PAHs removal was observed till the 20th day of the incubation period. The isolate was identified as Pleurotus ostreatus by 18S rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, and partial 28S rRNA gene sequencing. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time Pleurotus ostreatus have been reported to degrade such a high concentration of fluoranthene within much lower time period of incubation. Depletion in the residual fluoranthene in the culture medium was determined by HPLC. Attempts were made to identify the degradation product in the culture medium with the help of FT-IR, NMR, and HPTLC analysis. In the present study positive correlation between fluoranthene degradation and the ligninolytic enzyme (MnP and laccase) production is observed, thus this isolate can play an effective role for bioremediation of PAHs contaminated sites.     

杏鲍菇多糖的提取及含量测定

采用苯酚-硫酸分光光度法对杏鲍菇中多糖含量进行了测定。测定波长485 nm,多糖换算因子f=1.57,在5.00~70.00μg/mL范围内吸光度与被测物含量呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0.999 8,方法的回收率在98.6%~102.3%之间,相对标准偏差RSD在2.01%~2.94%之间。测定结果表明,杏鲍菇中含有丰富的多糖。该法简便、准确、重现性好,可作为杏鲍菇多糖含量的测定方法。     

Solid-state fermentation of lignocellulosic plant residues from Brassica napus by Pleurotus ostreatus

Solid-state fermentation (SSF) of inedible parts of rapeseed was carried out using a white-rot fungus, Pleurotus ostreatus, to degrade lignocellulosic material for mycelial-single cell protein (SCP) production. This SSF system has the potential to be adapted to a controlled ecological life support system in space travel owing to the lack of storage space. The system for converting lignocellulosic material to SCP by P. ostreatus is simple; it can be carried out in a compact reactor. The fungal vegetative growth was better with a particle size of plant material ranging from 0.42 to 10 mm, whereas lignin degradation of the lignocellulose was the highest with particle sizes ranging from 0.42 to 0.84 mm. The addition of veratry alcohol (3,4-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol), hydrogen peroxide, and glycerol promotes lignocellulose degradation by P. ostreatus. The enhancement of bioconversion was also observed when a gas-flow bioreactor was used to supply oxygen and to maintain the constant moisture of the reactor. With this reactor, approx 85% of the material was converted to fungal and other types of biomass after 60 d of incubation.