基于压电振荡原理的微阵列点样系统的研制

针对基于电磁微阀原理的非接触点样方式存在操作过程复杂、点样量偏大,以及压电喷墨原理的非接触点样方式存在点样针不易清洗、造价昂贵等不足,研制了一种基于压电振荡原理的新型非接触点样装置,实现了微量液体点样.在本装置中,毛细管点样针与压电驱动装置为两个独立单元,可以单独对毛细管点样针进行更换和清洗.采用激光拉制法制备的玻璃毛细管点样针具有内径可调、成本低等优点.此点样方式通过改变压电陶瓷的振幅和频率,可在10Symbolm@@_10～10Symbolm@@_9 L之间调控点样体积.以此为基础,结合三维精密位移控制技术,研制了一种基于压电振荡原理的微阵列生物芯片点样系统.对点样系统的点样体积、点样密度、点样精度等参数进行了测试,结果表明,此点样系统的最小点样体积可达320 pL,点样密度可达4000 点/cm2,并能够实现界面图案化制备.     

0.5PZN-0.5PZT压电陶瓷拉曼散射研究

PZT基多元系压电陶瓷在三方相含量与四方相含量相等的准同型相界处(MPB)具有极为优异的压电性能。文章采用拉曼散射方法研究了0.5PZN-0.5PZT陶瓷体系中三方-四方相共存与弥散相变现象。研究发现,与纯PZT相比,0.5PZN-0.5PZT体系拉曼谱呈明显宽化特征,表明体系弛豫性较强,依据介温谱计算出弥散因子γ高达1.71。通过对拉曼谱峰进行Gauss函数拟合,定量计算三方相R₁模式与四方相E(3TO)和A₁(3TO)模式相对强度,以及四方相E(4LO)和A₁(3LO)模式与三方相R_h模式相对强度,结果表明0.5PZN-0.5PZT体系三方相与四方相含量相等,组成位于准同型相界,该结果得到XRD相分析验证。电学测量表明0.5PZN-0.5PZT陶瓷压电性能优异：k_p=0.66, d₃₃=425 pC/N,适宜作为压电致动器材料使用。     

Development of Piezoelectric Immunosensor for the Detection of Probiotic Bacteria

A Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) based direct immunosensor was developed for real-time detection of probiotic bacteria. To optimize the immunosensor system, model measurements were carried out with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and anti-BSA IgG (a-BSA) antibody. During the model experiments, two kinds of self-assembled monolayers were created to compare their efficiency on antigen binding. Sulfosuccinimidyl 6-[3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionamido] hexanoate (sulfo-LC-SPDP) and 16-mercapto-hexadecanoic acid (MHDA) cross-linking agents were used for immobilizing anti-BSA antibody onto the gold surface of the AT-cut quartz wafer. Two different measuring procedures, flow-through and stopped-flow methods, were applied, and the frequency responses obtained by both analytical methods were compared.

After the model experiments probiotic bacteria, Bifidobacterium bifidum O1356 and Lactobacillus acidophilus O1132 serotypes were detected from buffer solution and from real samples (spiked milk samples, acidophilus, and bifidus milk samples).

Using the novel immunosensor, the target bacteria could be detected in the range of 10⁴–10⁷ colony-forming units (CFU)/ml within 60 minutes. The selectivity of a-Bifidobacterium bifidum and a-Lactobacillus acidophilus antibody coated sensors were also tested.     

Evaluation of the piezoelectric behaviour produced by a thick-film transducer using digital speckle pattern interferometry

This paper presents an interferometric measurement of the out-of-plane deflections produced by a piezoelectric transducer, manufactured by thick-film deposition of a ceramic paste over an alumina substrate, when is subjected to a DC electric voltage. It is shown that a digital speckle pattern interferometer with an incorporated phase-shifting facility allows the measurement of nanometer displacements generated by the piezoelectric device. These measurements are used to evaluate the effective piezoelectric charge constant along the polarization direction (d₃₃)_eff that characterizes the thick-film transducer.     

Longitudinal wave propagation in a piezoelectric nanoplate considering surface effects and nonlocal elasticity theory

The propagation characteristics of the longitudinal wave in a piezoelectric nanoplate were investigated in this study. The nonlocal elasticity theory was used and the surface effects were taken into account. In addition, the group velocity and phase velocity were derived and investigated, respectively. The dispersion relation was analyzed with different scale coefficients, wavenumbers, and voltages. The results showed that the dispersion degree can be strengthened by increasing the wavenumber and scale coefficient.     

Investigation of scattering of elastic waves by cylinders in 1-3 piezocomposites

The scattering behavior of P-waves in piezoelectric composites with 1–3 connectivity is studied. The method of wave function expansion is adopted for the theoretical derivations. Analytical expressions are obtained for the distributions of mechanical displacement in z-direction along the circumferences of piezoelectric cylinders. These solutions are used to study the influence of each element of the stiffness matrix and the piezoelectric matrix on the various resonant modes of vibration. Numerical results obtained indicate that perturbations of the elements c₄₄ and e₁₅ significantly affect resonant frequencies and amplitudes, perturbations of c₁₁ and c₁₂ have pronounced effects on resonant modes of high frequencies also. However, the resonant modes are not so sensitive to the perturbations of c₁₃, e₃₁ and e₃₃. The dynamic characteristics of 1–3 connectivity piezoelectric composites exposed here are meaningful for the design and manufacture of sensor/actuator elements by this kind of composites as well as the on-line health monitoring of the mechanical properties variations of the composites itself.     

Stimulated Brillouin scattering in magnetized diffusive semiconductor plasmas

Using the hydrodynamical model and following the coupled mode approach, detailed analytical investigation of stimulated Brillouin scattering is performed in an electrostrictive semiconductor. The total induced current density including diffusion current density and the effective Brillouin susceptibility are obtained under off-resonant laser irradiation. The analysis deals with the qualitative behaviour of the Brillouin gain and transmitted intensity with respect to excess doping concentration and magnetic field. Efforts are directed towards optimizing the doping level and magnetic field to achieve maximum Brillouin gain at pump intensities far below the optical damage threshold level. It is found that by immersing a moderately doped semiconductor in a sufficiently strong magnetic field in transverse direction, one can achieve resonant enhancement of Brillouin gain provided the generated acoustic mode lies in the dispersionless regime.     

Nonlinearity in inverse and transverse piezoelectric properties of Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 film actuators under AC and DC applied voltages

The motion of domain walls is a crucial factor in piezoelectric properties and is usually related to the irreversible and hysteretic behaviors. Herein, we report on the investigation of inverse and transverse piezoelectric coefficients of capacitor-based and microcantilever-based Pb(Zr_0.52Ti_0.48)O₃ films with a change in the DC bias and the AC applied voltage. A large inverse piezoelectric strain coefficient of about 350 p.m./V, and a low strain hysteresis of about 7.1%, are achieved in the film capacitors under a low applied voltage of 2 V (20 kV/cm) which can benefit the actuators for motion control in high-precision systems. The field-dependences of the transverse piezoelectric coefficients, obtained from four-point bending and microcantilever displacement, are in good agreement with each other. The results also reveal that the irreversible domain-wall motion is attributed to the nonlinearity in the field-dependent piezoelectric strain and cantilever displacement.     

Crystallization behavior and electroactive properties of PVDF,P(VDF-TrFE) and their blend films

PVDF, poly(vinylidene fluoride), as a semi-crystalline polymer, has interesting electroactive properties but usual melt and solution processing techniques result in its thermodynamically favored non-polar α-phase. By comparison, poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) P(VDF-TrFE), PT for short, directly crystallizes in the polar β-phase under the same conditions as PVDF. In this study, blend thin films comprising PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE) were prepared by solvent casting method. The difference in the crystallization behavior is comprehensively investigated between the polymers: PVDF, P(VDF-TrFE), and the resulting blend films. It is found that replacement of the fluoride atom in TrFE monomer induces a strong steric hindrance that may alter the crystallization process to become more favorable for nucleation of the PVDF β-phase. To figure out the effect of TrFE content on the crystallization behavior and electroactive properties, films with different blend ratios of PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE) were prepared. We found that the PVDF films exhibit higher crystallization activation energy (ΔE) as PT content increases. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) in the piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) mode illustrated that P5T5 films with equal contents of PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE) induced the highest d₃₃ values.     

Non-local theory solution of two collinear mode-I cracks in piezoelectric materials

In this paper, the basic solution of two collinear cracks in a piezoelectric material plane subjected to a uniform tension loading is investigated by means of the non-local theory. Through the Fourier transform, the problem is solved with the help of two pairs of integral equations, in which the unknown variables are the jumps of displacements across the crack surfaces. To solve the integral equations, the jumps of displacements across the crack surfaces are directly expanded in a series of Jacobi polynomials. Numerical examples are provided to show the effects of the interaction of two cracks, the materials constants and the lattice parameter on the stress field and the electric displacement field near crack tips. Unlike the classical elasticity solution, it is found that no stress and electric displacement singularities are present at crack tips. The non-local elastic solutions yield a finite hoop stress at the crack tip, thus allowing us to using the maximum stress as a fracture criterion in piezoelectric materials.