新型调压装置在液体饱和蒸气压测定实验中的应用

引入可控进气量和具有独立操作的增、减压缓冲瓶的调压装置,使气压调节缓慢可控,能连续调节缓冲瓶内气体压力以适应不同温度点的液体饱和蒸气压;可通过控制U形液柱缓慢移动来读取气液平衡状态下饱和气压值,较好地克服了以往实验中存在的调压操作困难、易发生空气倒灌及未知蒸气饱和的问题,取得了良好的实验效果,提高了实验数据的准确性。     

Study on the morphology, crystalline structure and thermal properties of yellow ginger starch acetates with different degrees of substitution

Yellow ginger starch acetates with different degrees of substitution (DS) were prepared by reacting native starch with glacial acetic acid/acetic anhydride using sulfuric acid as catalyst. X-ray diffraction (XRD) of acetylated starch revealed that the crystal structure of native starch was disappeared and new crystalline regions were formed. Their formation was confirmed by the presence of the carbonyl signal around 1750 cm⁻¹, as well as the reduced hydroxyl groups, in the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) suggested most of the starch granules disintegrated with many visible fragments along with the increasing DS. The thermal behavior of the native starch and starch acetate were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA), it was observed that the thermal stability of acetylated starch depends on the degree of substitution. Thermal stability of high DS acetylated starch is much better than that of the original starch when DS reached to 2.67.     

定位对应指数与多氯联苯醚理化性质的构效关系

通过计算多氯联苯醚(PCDEs)所有209种可能分子结构的原子特征值,利用分子图形技术获得了定位对应指数;以106种PCDEs的理化性质实验值为建模样本,由多元回归方法建立了PCDEs的饱和蒸气压(P0L)、水溶解度(SW)和正辛醇,水分配系数(KOW)的定量结构一性质相关模型,相关性良好(r＞0.98),估算的平均误差分别为0.12、0.28和0.09.利用此方程对另外103个未见实验数据报道的多氯联苯醚分子的理化性质进行预测,结果和相同氯原子数的实验平均值较为接近,预测能力优于文献.     

Effects of ultrasound on the degradation kinetics,physicochemical properties and prebiotic activity of Flammulina velutipes polysaccharide

The controllable ultrasonic modification was hindered due to the uncertainty of the relationship between ultrasonic parameters and polysaccharide quality. In this study, the ultrasonic degradation process was established with kinetics. The physicochemical properties and prebiotic activity of ultrasonic degraded Flammulina velutipes polysaccharides (U-FVPs) were investigated. The results showed that the ultrasonic degradation kinetic models were fitted to 1/M_t-1/M₀ = kt. When the ultrasonic intensity increased from 531 to 3185 W/cm², the degradation proceeded faster. The decrease of polysaccharide concentration contributed to the degradation of FVP, and the fastest degradation rate was at 60 °C. Ultrasound changed the solution conformation of FVP, and partially destroyed the stability of the triple helix structure of FVP. Additionally, the viscosity and gel strength of FVP decreased, but its thermal stability was improved by ultrasound. Higher ultrasonic intensity led to larger variations in physicochemical properties. Compared with FVP, U-FVPs could be more easily utilized by gut microbiota. U-FVPs displayed better prebiotic activity by promoting the growth of Bifidobacterium and Brautella and inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria. Ultrasound could be effectively applied to the degradation of FVP to improve its physicochemical properties and bioactivities.     

Formation of soybean protein isolate-hawthorn flavonoids non-covalent complexes: Linking the physicochemical properties and emulsifying properties

In recent years, more and more attention had been paid to the combination of proteins and flavonoids, and several flavonoids had been reported to improve the physicochemical and emulsifying properties of proteins. This study investigated the effects of ultrasonic treatment (450 W for 10 min, 20 min, and 30 min) on the physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, and emulsifying properties of soy protein isolate (SPI) -hawthorn flavonoids (HF) non-covalent complexes. The results showed that the addition of HF to SPI and 20 min of ultrasound could reduce α-helix and random coil, increase β-sheet and β-turn, and enhance fluorescence quenching. In addition, it decreased the particle size, zeta potential, surface hydrophobicity, and turbidity to 88.43 or 95.27 nm, −28.80 mV, 1250.42, and 0.23, respectively. The protein solubility, free sulfhydryl group, antioxidant activity, emulsifying activity index, and emulsifying stability index all increased to 73.93%, 15.07 μmol/g, 71.00 or 41.91%, 9.81 m²/g, and 67.71%, respectively. Moreover, high-density small and low-flocculation droplets were formed. Therefore, the combined ultrasound treatment and addition of HF to SPI is a more effective method for protein modification compared to ultrasound treatment alone. It provides a theoretical basis for protein processing and application in the future.     

2-Metoxyethanol-Acetonitrile Binary Mixtures and Their Physicochemical Properties

Abstract

Densities (d ₁₂) and relative permittivities (\Varepsilon₁₂) have been measured for 2-metoxyethanol (ME) and acetonitrile (ACN) binary liquid mixtures over their whole compositions ranges at various temperatures ranging from 288.15K to 308.15K. The experimental data were used to test some empirical equations of the type: y ₁₂=y ₁₂(t) and y ₁₂=y ₁₂(X ₁) (where: y ₁₂-d ₁₂ or \Varepsilon₁₂). From all these data, the excess molar volumes (V ^E _m), temperature coefficients of relative permittivities (α₁₂) and the excess extrathernmodynamic parameters \Varepsilon^E were calculated. The ¹H-NMR spectra of liquid binary mixtures of ME and ACN, were recorded at 298 K over almost the whole range of the mixed solvent compositions. From these data the values of the values of the spectral structural parameters were found, Δδ(ME-ACN). The values of these structural parameters are discussed in terms of interactions of 2-metoxyethanol with acetonitrile.     

Studies on Associated Solutions. Part II. Physicochemical Properties of Acetonitrile-Propan-2-ol Mixtures

Abstract

The ¹H-NMR spectra of liquid binary mixtures of acetonitrile and propan-2-ol, were recorded at 298 K over almost the whole range of the mixed solvent compositions. From these data were found the values of the spectral parameter, Δδ(ACN-PrOH-2). The densities (d ₁₂) and relative permittivities (?₁₂) of the mixed solvent were measured at 288.15K, 293.15K, 298.15K, 303.15K and 308.15K, as well as refractive indices at 298.15K. From all these data, the molar volumes (V _m), temperature coefficients of relative permittivities (α_n) and their deviations from ideality were calculated. Additionally, the Kirkwood's correlation factors (g _K) were found. The values of these properties are discussed in terms of interactions of acetonitrile with propan-2-ol.     

Effect of gamma irradiation on the microbiological quality and on the functional properties of proteins in dry red kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Gamma-irradiation was found to affect the physicochemical properties of dry red kidney beans. The highest dose used (8 kGy) significantly (P0.05) modified the extent of deamidation, the number of sulfhydryl groups, as well as the solubility and the hydrophobicity of the protein. Deamidation, protein solubility and hydrophobicity all increased with the irradiation dose while the number of sulfhydryl groups was reduced by the treatment. Furthermore, irradiation also affected the outgrowth of natural filamentous fungi contaminants present on the dry beans. A dose of 1.5 kGy reduced the number of filamentous fungi by 2 log cycles immediately after treatment. However, the highest dose used (3 kGy) did not eliminate the filamentous fungi completely. Moreover, the filamentous fungi population was a lot less diversified on the irradiated samples. Species of Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. were more abundant on the unirradiated beans while the beans irradiated at 3 kGy contained were predominantly infected by species of Rhizopus sp. , Cladosporium sp. and Alternaria sp.     

近红外光谱技术在鱼糜等级评定中的应用研究

利用近红外光谱技术,对冷冻和解冻状态的不同等级白姑鱼糜进行等级评定。采用一阶导数法和标准正态变量变换法进行光谱预处理,再对预处理后的数据进行主成分分析,以主成分分析-马氏距离模式识别方法建立不同等级白姑鱼糜的等级评定模型,并对7项理化指标(水分、蛋白质、粗脂肪、盐溶性蛋白、凝胶强度、持水率和白度值)进行了测定。结果表明,主成分分析可以将三个等级白姑鱼糜较好地区分开;冷冻状态白姑鱼糜建立的等级评定模型效果优于解冻状态白姑鱼糜,前者的综合预测正确率为96.3%,后者的综合预测正确率为83.3%;三个等级白姑鱼糜的理化指标存在一定的差异。研究表明,近红外光谱技术可以快速无损评定白姑鱼糜等级。     

STUDY ON THE SYNTHESIS AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SUCROSE POLYESTER

1. INTRODUCTIONSucrose polyester (SPE) is neither metabolized nor absorbed, it makes no caloric contribution to the diet. Excessive dietary fat intake is associated with increasing risk of obesity, high blood cholesterol, hypertension, coronary heart disease and some types of cancer. At present, fat substitutes are fashionable all over the world. SPE is a new functional fat substitute, which is similar to ordinary oils in physical and chemical properties. In a word, the research and dev…