杂化太阳电池中异质结界面的修饰及其对电池光电性能的影响

有机-无机杂化太阳电池综合了有机、无机材料的优点,成本低、理论效率高,受到人们的广泛关注.杂化太阳电池的光活性层由无机半导体和有机共轭聚合物复合而成.当光照射到活性层上时,共轭聚合物吸收光子产生激子(电子-空穴对);激子迁移到有机给体-无机受体的异质结界面处发生解离而产生自由电子和空穴;自由电子和空穴分别向无机半导体和有机聚合物传输,从而实现电荷的分离和传导.激子在有机-无机异质结界面处的分离效率是影响电池性能的一个重要因素.有机、无机两相材料往往因为接触面积小以及相容性差使此两相材料接触不佳,激子迁移到此界面不能有效分离,从而严重影响了杂化太阳电池的效率.这个问题可以通过此界面的修饰加以改善.本文即综述了有机-无机异质结界面修饰的方法、作用和意义,并展望了杂化太阳电池未来的发展趋势和应用前景.     

Synthesis of double D–A branched organic dyes employing indole and phenoxazine as donors for efficient DSSCs

Four novel metal-free organic sensitizers bearing double donor–acceptor (D–A) branches with indole and phenoxazine units as donors (SDD1–4) and cyanoacrylic acid as electron acceptor were synthesized and characterized for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Dyes SDD1–3 were designed with indole as a donor and 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene), 1,4-butylene and 1,6-hexylene as a linker, respectively, while the dye SDD4 was designed with phenoxazine as a core donor. Their photophysical, electrochemical, and DSSCs characteristics were investigated. The results show that the architecture structure of the linkage affects the performance of the cells slightly. The DSSCs based on SDD4 shows much higher η than the DSSCs based on SDD1–3, which indicated that phenoxazine is a better donor than indole. Under standard global AM 1.5 solar condition (100 mW cm⁻²), the SDD4 dye-sensitized cell gave the highest η of 4.33% with chenodeoxycholic acid as a coadsorbent, reaching 82% of N719-based DSSCs.     

随钻中子地层孔隙度测量装置设计

传统碾米机靠操作员视觉感官来判断碾米性能,不能实现碾米机的智能自检,其识别精准度差。针对传统碾米机识别精度和智能化程度低等问题,设计了光电监测碾米机性能的在线监测系统,提出了以一种低廉价格芯片STC89C52为微处理器,以硅光电池作为光电传感器对物料品质进行信号采集。工作过程中能周期性计算碾米机碾米性能,根据其效率为碾米机的转速、碾白间隙、进出口流量等提供调整策略。经试验分析,该系统识别准确率可达99.5%以上,同时也为粮食品质检测的数字化、智能化提供了一种新方法。     

Steering the propagation of photovoltaic solitons by spatial phase modulation

A simple scheme is presented to steer the propagation of a spatial photovoltaic soliton in a photovoltaic crystal. The basic idea is to impose a sinusoidal phase modulation on the light beam before entering the crystal. It is found that the self-deflection, soliton-like propagation, annihilation and splitting of this spatial-phase-modulated (SPM) beam can be realized by choosing appropriate modulation parameters; besides, a SPM beam can produce a waveguide with strong stability to steer a non-phase-modulated beam. These unique properties would have potential applications in the optical switch, splitter, modulator, and waveguide, etc.     

Analytical modelling of carrier transport mechanisms in long wavelength planar n+–p HgCdTe photovoltaic detectors

The dark electrical characteristic of n⁺ on p long wavelength Hg_1−xCd_xTe photovoltaic detectors has been studied as a function of applied bias voltages. The diodes under study were given different surface treatments prior to their passivation. The dark current components have been identified using the already known carrier transport mechanisms across the junction. It is reported that the diodes under investigation have an excess leakage current component that exhibits quadratic dependence on the applied reverse bias voltage across the diode. The origin of this excess current is found to be closely associated with the ohmic currents. The diodes with higher ohmic current exhibit higher excess leakage current.     

Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of a phenylenevinylene copolymer with dithienylbenzothiadiazole and bis(di(p-tolyl)phenylamino)phenylene units

A novel phenylenevinylene copolymer (JP) with 4,7-dithien-5-yl-2,1,3-benzodiathiazole (DTBT) moiety along the backbone and di(p-tolyl)phenylamine (p-TPA) unit as side groups was synthesized and applied in polymer solar cells (PSCs). Introduction of DTBT and p-TPA moieties is beneficial to lowering the band gap, broadening the absorption spectrum and improving the photovoltaic properties of the copolymer. The effects of DTBT and p-TPA moieties on the thermal, photophysical, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties of the copolymer are investigated. The bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells based on JP and PC₆₁BM (1:3, w/w) showed a maximum power conversion efficiency of 1.09% with an open-circuit voltage of 0.75 V, a short-circuit current of 3.69 mA cm⁻², and a fill factor of 0.50.     

Improved photovoltaic properties of a-Si/β-FeSi2/c-Si double heterojunction by Al-doping

Al-doped β-FeSi₂ thin film was sputtered on Si substrate and then applied to the amorphous-Si/β-FeSi₂/crystalline-Si (a-Si/β-FeSi₂/c-Si) double heterojunction. The X-ray diffraction result confirmed the formation of β-FeSi₂ crystallization. The result of carrier lifetime measurement implied that Al-doping could improve the carrier lifetime and infrared response property of β-FeSi₂ thin film. Such improvements were ascribed to the reduction of Si vacancy density by Al atom occupation. Based on the improved Al-doped β-FeSi₂ thin film, the prepared a-Si/β-FeSi₂/c-Si double heterojunction exhibited prominent enhancements in open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, fill factor, and energy conversion efficiency than that of the un-doped β-FeSi₂ double heterojunction. These results reveal an attractive way to improve the photovoltaic property of a-Si/β-FeSi₂/c-Si double heterojunction using Al-doped β-FeSi₂ thin film.     

Redox couple related influences of bulky electron donor as well as spacer in organic dye-sensitized mesoscopic solar cells

For dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs), it is of great significance to understand the structure–performance relationship of photosensitizers. Herein, we scrutinize the influences of the arylamine electron donors as well as the fused thiophene spacer on the optoelectronic features of thin-film DSCs employing the tris(1,10-phenanthroline)cobalt(II/III) or the iodide/triiodide redox couple. Interestingly, the incorporation of bulky dihexyloxybenzene-substituted triphenylamine (DHOB-TPA) electron donor does not resulted in an improved electron lifetime, which is sharp contrast with the conventional concept on bulky electron donor. On the other hand, the introduction of the DHOB-TPA electron donor or the dithienopyrrole spacer significantly increases the molar absorption coefficients of dyes, which govern the performance of thin-film DSCs. This work demonstrates how organic dyes must be tailored carefully depending on the electrolyte red/ox couple used.     

SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF [60]FULLERENE-POLYVINYLPYRIDINE CONJUGATES FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES

A two-phase radical polymerization was applied for the synthesis of fullerene-containing poly(4-vinylpyridine), which were used as polyelectrolytes in the fabrication of photovoltaic devices. Two-phase radical polymerization resulted in the products of poly(4-vinyl pyridinated) fullerenes (PVPyF) containing a high fullerene content and poly(4-vinylpyridine) arms of short length. These polyelectrolytes with a C₆₀ content of up to 35% by weight are soluble in organic solvents and water at a low pH. High efficient photoinduced charge transfer in samples of PVPyF and polyanionic polythiophene derivatives fabricated by the electrostatic layer-by-layer deposition technique in producing self-assembled multilayers (SAMs) was demonstrated. As a result, high response to the increase of photoinduced conductivity was observed on the 75 bilayer device of PVPyF-3⁺/H-PURET^? upon irradiation. Photoconductivity was found to increase in more than one order of magnitude from 0.024 to 0.31 S/cm at an applied voltage of 1.0 volt. The sign of short-circuit photocurrent was consistent with electrons flowing from Al electrode towards the ITO modified substrate.

     

a-Si:H薄膜的表面光电压谱和光电化学特性研究

采用表面光电压谱和光电化学方法，对不同掺杂类型的氢化非晶硅(s-Si:H)薄膜的光伏响应和光电化学特性进行了研究，测定了a-Si:h薄膜的能带结构，为a-Si:H薄膜在太阳能电池上的应用提供了有用的基础数据和简单光伏测量方法。