温度升高对PSⅡCP47/D1/D2/Cyt b559复合物能量传递的影响

采用分幅扫描单光子计数荧光光谱装置,研究温度升高对PSⅡ CP47/D₁/D₂/Cyt b559复合物能量传递的影响.获得分别在20℃、42℃和48℃处理后,CP47/D₁/D₂/Cyt b559复合物主发射峰所在的波长未发生多大改变,均在682 nm,但其荧光强度逐渐降低,而大约730 nm处主发射峰的振动副带发生了明显的变化,42℃其弱峰趋势已不显著,相对荧光强度下降,48℃弱峰趋势已完全消失;最大峰值处获得两个时间组分,这两个组分都属于电荷重组.其中,1～2 ns组分随处理温度的升高变化不大,而7～20 ns组分随温度升高变化较大,并且逐渐延长.因此,处理温度的升高使CP47/D₁/D₂/Cyt b559复合物的二级结构、色素分布的空间位置发生变化,从而影响了CP47/D₁/D₂/Cyt b559复合物中的能量传递以及电荷重组.42℃已对其造成影响,而48℃对其影响很大.     

Photoinduced hydrogen evolution in an artificial system containing photosystem I,hydrogenase,methyl viologen and mercaptoacetic acid

Hydrogen evolution was detected in an artificial system composed of light-harvesting unit of purified photosystem Ⅰ, catalyst ofhydrogenase, methyl viologen and electron donor under radiation. Absorption spectral features confirmed that electron transferfrom electron donors to proton was via a photoinduced reductive process of methyl viologen.2008 Dong Jin Qian. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.     

高等植物光系统Ⅱ反应中心的亚纳秒时间分辨荧光光谱的测量

高等植物光系统Ⅱ是光合作用中的一个非常重要的单元,它是与裂解水放氧相关的功能结构,光系统Ⅱ反应中心是进行光化学反应的场所,在其内部发生的光能的吸收、激发态的传递、电荷的分离重组以及迁移等等过程,都是在非常短的时间里发生的,其时间尺度在10^-15～10^-7s之间,本文建立了亚纳秒时间分辨荧光光谱测量装置,并对菠菜光系统Ⅱ反应中心蛋白复合体D₁/D₂/cyt b─559,在不同波长激发下的时间分辨荧光光谱进行了测量,经过解卷积和多指数数据拟合,获得4个寿命组分,并对结果进行了分析讨论,指出在不同的激发波长激发下的荧光衰减曲线的差异可能源于被激发的组分不同和能量传递路径的不同.     

Monolayers of photosystem II on gold electrodes with enhanced sensor response—effect of porosity and protein layer arrangement

Mass transport of the bulk of the analyte to the electrode and through the bioactive layer can be significantly improved by use of the nanoelectrode array and defined arrangement of protein film. This phenomenon has been studied by (i) atomic-force microscopy, (ii) electrochemical measurements of PSII activity, and (iii) digital simulations for an oriented monolayer of histidine-tagged photosystem II (PSII) immobilized on nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA)-modified gold electrodes. The output signal of the electrochemical biosensor is controlled by (i) mass transport from the bioactive layer to electrode and (ii) mass transport between the bulk of the analyte and the electrode. Mass transport through the bioactive layer was electrochemically studied for PSII self-assembled on gold screen-printed electrodes. A densely packed monolayer of PSII has a significant shielding effect toward the diffusion of redox mediator duroquinone (DQ). Mass transport to the planar electrode surface was improved by co-immobilization of bovine-serum albumin (BSA) as spacer biomolecule in the monolayer of PSII. Correlation between the electrochemical properties and surface arrangement of the resulting protein films was clearly observable and confirmed the improved mass-transport properties of structured enzyme monolayers. On the basis of this observation, the application of a bottom-up approach for improvement of electrode performance was proposed and digitally simulated for an infinite array of electrodes ranging in diameter from 50 nm to 5 m. The nanoelectrode array, with the optimum time window selected for measurements, enables enhancement of mass transport between the bulk of the analyte and the macroelectrode by a factor of up to 50 in comparison with classical planar electrodes. Use of a time window enables minimization of crosstalk between individual electrodes in the array. The measurements require methods which suppress the double-layer capacity.     

Isolation and characterization of a photosystem I-associated antenna (LHC I) and a photosystem I—core complex from the chlorophyll c-containing alga Pleurochloris meiringensis (Xanthophyceae)

A photosystem (PS) I holocomplex was isolated from Pleurochloris meiringensis Vischer (Xanthophyceae) using sucrose density centrifugation. This complex exhibited a fluorescence emission maximum at 715 nm, which is in accordance with the long wavelength emission of whole cells. The complex was further dissociated into a core complex and a light-harvesting protein (LHC I). The core protein contains mainly Chl a and β-carotene, is 8.25 times enriched in P700 and has its main emission maximum at 715 nm. Therefore, the longest wavelength emission of P. meiringensis is due to the PS I core, which is in contrast to higher plants. The LHC I differs from LHC II with regard to its polypeptide pattern as well as its spectral properties. The arrangement of antennae is discussed in relation to the regulation of energy transfer between the photosystems.     

增强UV－B辐射对植物光能传递过程的影响

为探讨增强的紫外线-B (280~315 nm)辐射对光合作用原初光能传递的光物理过程的影响,对菠菜类囊体膜及光系统II的吸收光谱、稳态荧光发射谱进行了分析.结果显示在实验条件下（温室,紫外线-B施加于植物成熟期,紫外线-B剂量1.152 kJ·m－2·d－1）,增强紫外线-B辐射并没有抑制原初光能传递过程,植物通过一系列调节机制（增强吸收短波光色素的吸收强度,调节两个光系统间能量分配,变化光合系统中色素蛋白构象、位置）保证了原初光能传递的光物理过程,将能量传递到反应中心用于光合作用.     

Alternative Fast and Slow Primary Charge-Separation Pathways in Photosystem II

Photosystem-II (PSII) is a multi-subunit protein complex that harvests sunlight to perform oxygenic photosynthesis. Initial light-activated charge separation takes place at a reaction centre consisting of four chlorophylls and two pheophytins. Understanding the processes following light excitation remains elusive due to spectral congestion, the ultrafast nature, and multi-component behaviour of the charge-separation process. Here, using advanced computational multiscale approaches which take into account the large-scale configurational flexibility of the system, we identify two possible primary pathways to radical-pair formation that differ by three orders of magnitude in their kinetics. The fast (short-range) pathway is dominant, but the existence of an alternative slow (long-range) charge-separation pathway hints at the evolution of redundancy that may serve other purposes, adaptive or protective, related to formation of the unique oxidative species that drives water oxidation in PSII.