Thermogravimetric study of flame-retarding properties on phosphorylated beech sawdust

Beech sawdust (S) and samples containing 1% of H₃PO₄ (SP), (NaPO₃)_n (PS), P₂O₅ (POS), NaOH/P₂O₅ (SPS), NaOH (SS) or Na₂CO₃ (CS) were analysed using dynamic and isothermal thermogravimetry (TG) in nitrogen and oxygen environments. According to the results of dynamic experiments in nitrogen, the thermal resistance at 275 °C decreased in the order: S > SS > CS > SP> SPS > PS > POS, while in oxygen the order was: S > POS > SPS=CS=PS > SP > SS. The difference in residues obtained in nitrogen in comparison to oxygen environment reaches its maximum at temperatures from 300 to 325 °C and according to the decreasing values the following order could be listed: SS (300 °C/27%) > SP (325 °C/25%) > CS (300 °C/24%) > S (325 °C/23%) > SPS (300 °C/19%) > PS (300 °C/11%) > POS (275 °C/4%). This indicates that with a decreasing difference in residues formed in oxidative and inert environments the flame-retardant effect of the sample is increasing. The calculated initial rate constants of residue formation and gasification and the corresponding activation energies of the processes in nitrogen and oxygen from the isothermal experiments gave smaller values of rate constants for SPS than for S. For the SPS sample in comparison with S the activation energy of residue formation in nitrogen decreased while the three remaining values increased. The E_r* of PS in the oxygen is the biggest from all studied samples under the conditions used, while SPS gave the biggest E_g* in the oxygen environment. The phosphorus could be washed out with water from SP and SPS, while it remained in PS and POS. These last two samples also have the best flame-retarding properties according to TG analysis.     

Age-dependent variations of cell response to oxidative stress: proteomic approach to protein expression and phosphorylation

We investigated the protein profiles of variously aged rat astrocytes in response to oxidative stress. After H2O2-exposure of cells at 100 microM for 30 min, the relative intensity of ten protein spots changed on two-dimensional (2-D) gels compared with control gels after silver staining. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis after in-gel digestion revealed that six of these spots corresponded to three kinds of proteins, each of which was composed of a protein and its modified form with a different isoelectric point (pI). These three proteins were identified as peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) II and III, and calpactin I light chain (p11). H2O2-exposure increased the intensity of the spot with lower pI and simultaneously decreased that of the spot with higher pI for both PRDXs II and III. In addition, the expression of annexin VII, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase, elongation factor II fragment (EF-II), and adenosine deaminase was increased by H2O2-exposure in astrocytes from variously aged rats. Using the Pro-Q Diamond staining, heat shock protein 60 kDa (Hsp 60) and alpha-tubulin were observed to be phosphorylated upon H2O2-exposure. While phosphorylation of alpha-tubulin was correlated positively with age, the changes in abundance of ten protein spots as described above were independent of age. These results suggest that aging does not suppress the responses aimed at limiting injury and promoting repair brought about by severe oxidative stress, and might affect cell dynamics including the formation of microtubules.     

不同氧化程度氧化石墨烯的制备及湿敏性能研究

基于氧化石墨烯具有多种含氧官能团和极大的比表面积,研究了不同氧化程度氧化石墨烯的湿敏性能。采用改进的Hummers法制备不同氧化程度的氧化石墨,经过超声分散制备氧化石墨烯水相分散液后,制成氧化石墨烯薄膜湿敏元件。采用X射线衍射、原子力显微镜、红外光谱、拉曼光谱和X射线光电子能谱对实验样品的结构和谱学特性进行表征。结果表明:石墨经氧化后,底面间距增大为0.9 nm左右;随氧化剂用量的增加,氧化石墨中石墨的衍射峰逐渐消失,石墨相微晶尺寸逐渐减小,O/C原子比逐渐增大,氧化程度逐渐升高;氧化石墨烯在水相分散液中可达单层分散,单层氧化石墨烯厚度约为1.3 nm;氧化石墨烯表面接有-OH、C-O-C、C=O和COOH官能团,且官能团含量随氧化程度的升高而增大;氧化石墨烯薄膜元件在室温下对湿度的响应时间约3 s,灵敏度达99%;在11.3%-93.6%相对湿度范围内,元件的电阻随湿度升高显著减小,较高氧化程度的氧化石墨烯薄膜的电阻对数与相对湿度呈线性变化;氧化程度越高,元件灵敏度越高,响应时间越短。     

羧甲基壳聚糖的取代度及保湿性

吸湿性;分子量;羧甲基壳聚糖的取代度及保湿性     

四氢呋喃-水-乙醇三元溶液体系制备高合金化Pt-Ru/CMK-3催化剂

提出了在四氢呋喃(THF)、H2O和乙醇三元体系中用一般的化学还原法在室温下制备高合金化Pt-Ru/CMK-3催化剂的新方法. 与在纯水中制得的商品化ETEK催化剂相比, 其Pt-Ru粒子的合金化程度高、平均粒径较小且相对结晶度低, 因此, 该催化剂对甲醇氧化的电催化活性远高于在纯水中制得的Pt-Ru催化剂. 高合金化程度的原因是H2PtCl6和RuCl3在THF、H2O和乙醇三元溶液体系中的起始还原电位相近. 此外, CMK-3以其规整的二维有序孔道结构, 为直接甲醇燃烧电池(DMFC)中电子和物质的传输提供了方便的路径, 其巨大的比表面积也为Pt-Ru 纳米粒子的均匀分散提供了良好的载体.     

KINETIC ANALYSIS OF CO-CONDENSATION POLYMERIZATION OF AB2 AND AB MONOMERS

This work deals with the kinetics of co-condensation polymerization of AB2 and AB monomers, giving expressions of the two-dimensional molecular weight distribution function and the number/weight average molecular weights of the resulting copolymers. The two-dimensional molecular weight distribution depends on two indices, n and l, which are the respective numbers of AB2 and AB units in a copolymer species. The evolution of the two-dimensional weight and z distributions during the co-condensation polymerization has been evaluated systematically. Finally, the two-dimensional distribution was transformed into a one-dimensional molecular weight distribution with only one variable (the molecular weight of the products instead of the degree of polymerization). The calculated results show that the highly branched copolymer has a very broad molecular weight distribution when the co-condensation polymerization approaches completion.     

低碱法制备羧甲基壳聚糖及表征

低碱法制备羧甲基壳聚糖及表征;壳聚糖;羧甲基壳聚糖;取代度;特性粘度;低碱法     

新型生物黏附性材料巯基壳聚糖的合成与表征

巯基聚合物利用二硫键的形成, 以共价键黏附于黏膜表面, 可以延长药物在黏膜上的滞留时间, 有利于药物分子的吸收. 本文合成了一种新型巯基聚合物——N-乙酰基-L-半胱氨酸-g-壳聚糖(CS-NAC), 并进行了表征, 同时对材料的溶胀度、黏附性和细胞毒性进行了测试. 结果表明, 这种巯基聚合物具有较高的巯基含量, 最高可达到589.3 μmol/g; 具有快速的溶胀性能; 黏附性显著增强, 黏附时间和黏附力分别是壳聚糖的30和3倍; 无明显的细胞毒性. 因此, CS-NAC是一种很有应用前景的生物黏附性材料.     

加权p-Laplace方程解的整体分叉问题

该文利用指标理论，谱理论以及标准分叉定理，研究了加权索伯列夫空间中的p Laplace方程初值问题的解的整体分叉现象。     

无序度对一维长程关联无序系统中局域化-退局域化转变的影响

对长程幂律关联能量序列进行了修正,使其能体现出无序度在一维长程关联无序系统中的影响,并利用重正化群方法,计算了能反映该系统局域化-退局域化转变的Lyapunov指数.结果表明,在由于关联指数p的影响而在系统中出现的局域化向退局域化的转变中,无序度起着相反的作用.当关联指数p一定而无序度W增大时,系统中心能区范围内由于长程关联而引起的扩展态逐渐向局域态转变.当无序度W增大到某一临界值W_c时,系统中所有本征态均转变为局 关键词： 长程关联 Lyapunov指数 无序度 局域化-退局域化转变