智能性水凝胶

“智能”材料具有传感、处理和执行功能，水凝胶作为智能材料其应用前景良好。本文综述了智能水凝胶的近期研究发展，以Ｆｌｏｒｙ的溶胀理论着重探讨了刺激响应性，并介绍了化学机械现象及凝胶相转变。     

Phase Transition and Crystal Structure of the Monomeric Europium(II) Thiolate Eu(SC36H49)2

Single crystal X‐ray diffraction of Eu(SC₃₆H₄₉)₂ has revealed a first order phase transition at a temperature of 119 K, that involves a reduction of the specific volume by 1 %. The transition corresponds to a doubling of the unit cell, as it is the result from reorientations of isopropyl groups that appear at peripheral sites of the organic ligands. It is argued that a denser packing is achieved at the expense of a less favourable conformation of one of the two crystallographically‐independent complexes in the low‐temperature phase. The Bond‐Valence method is used to show that interactions of equal strengths are present between europium and both sulphur atoms and both coordinating phenyl rings.     

Cr（Ⅲ）—5—Br—PADAP—Triton X—100析相光度法测定微量铬的研究

研究Cr(Ⅲ)-5-Br-PADAP-Triton X-100析相显色体系,建立测定微量铬的析相光度法。在pH 4.5乙酸-乙酸钠介质中,Cr(Ⅲ)、5-Br-PADAP、Triton X-100加热形成的配合物,于95℃恒温浴中析相1h,即被Triton X-100相完全富集,最大吸收峰为593nm,铬含量在0～10μg/5ml服从比耳定律,以硫脲、锰-EDTA、柠檬酸钠、氟化钾为掩蔽剂,测定水样中微量铬,获得满意结果。     

测定晶体结构的系统试差法的研究(II)系统位相超解方程得改进

本文证明了|E(k)E(h-k)|的大小是由结构决定的。与原点无关, 在这种认识的基础上, 提出了用归一化结构振幅|E|估量它的三种模式。特别是通过四位相结构不变量的二级Noighborhood~[1,2]原理解决三位相不变量间的匹配问题而算出的|E(k)E(h-k)|_(QE), 这是在没有位相数据的情况下对它的理想的估量。予期它能改进系统试差法中位相超解方程的功能, 提高测得位相的准确性。     

Swelling of physically cross-linked copolymers in water vapour

A general thermodynamic equation for the swelling of a cross-linked polymer system in the vapour of a swelling agent has been derived under isothermal and isobaric conditions. The equation is used to describe the equilibrium uptake of water by elastomers Arnitel^® (DSM), which are hard-soft-segment block copolymers in which the hard segments poly(butylene terephthalate) crystallise and are responsible for a physical cross-linking. The gravimetrically determined degrees of swelling of different elastomers in water vapour of various partial pressures are analysed and discussed by the application of an extended semi-empirical swelling equation of Flory-Huggins-Staverman-van Santen.     

MORPHOLOGY OF A THERMOTROPIC AROMATIC POLYESTER

The crystalline morphology of a thermotropic aromatic polyester has been studied by microscopy techniques. Spherulites with ringed structure under polarizing micioscope were observed for solution cast specimens, They were composed of radially growing crystalline lamellae of thickness around 100. It was found that the molecules were packed in the thickness direction. Banded texture was observed in randomly packed domains for melt cast specimens. The bands have the same width and internal structure as those usually observed in oriented specimens of these polymers obtained by shearing their mesomorphic melt.     

Studies on the Phase Properties of Winsor Ⅰ-Ⅲ Type Microemulsions with Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy

The dielectric relaxation spectroscopy （DRS） of Winsor I -Ⅲ microemulsions for nonionic surfactant octyl polyglucoside CsG1.46/1-butanol/cyclohexanedwater system was studied. The experiment shows that the permittivity decreases with the increase in the frequency and clear dielectric relaxation phenomena were observed. Permittivity obviously decreases with the change of the microstructure of the microemulsion, W/O, B.C. and O/W can be distinguished by the permittivity.     

卡尔曼滤波析相光度法同时测定锰铁铜锌镉的研究——5-Br-PADAP—Triton X-100体系

运用卡尔曼滤波递推法,以2-(5-溴-2-吡啶偶氮)—5-二乙氨基苯酚(5-Br-PADAP)为显色剂,建立了同时测定锰、铁、铜、锌、镉析相光度法.在pH9.0硼酸-氢氧化钠介质中,胶束溶液在95℃加热1h,配合物被Triton X-100相完全富集,最大吸收峰分别为锰566nm、铁556nm、铜560nm、锌562nm、镉557nm,工作曲线范围除镉为0～8μg/5ml外,其余均为0～10μg/5ml.应用于大米中锰铁铜锌镉的同时测定,结果满意.     

相转移催化应用于催化裂化汽油氧化脱硫的研究

随着人们环境保护意识的增强及原油硫含量的增大, 生产满足环境保护要求的清洁燃料是全球炼油工业的发展趋势, 燃料油脱硫显得越来越重要. 在众多的脱硫方法中, 选择性氧化脱硫技术以其工艺条件温和, 脱硫效果明显等特点, 受到了炼油行业的极大关注[1~3], 但脱硫率偏低(30％), 其关键是水相氧化剂与含硫化合物的有效混合. 本文将相转移催化应用于催化裂化(FCC)汽油的氧化脱硫中, 并对脱硫的工艺和机理进行了研究.     

LiCl—HOAc和LiCl—HOAc—H2O体系（25℃）相图

测定了LiCl-HOAc和LiCl-HOAc-H_2O体系25℃时的溶度,绘制了溶度图.在LiCl-HOAc体系的相图中有LiCl及LiCl·1/2HOAc2种固相,后者是固液异成分化合物,体系中未发现LiCl·5HOAc或LiCL·HOAc的生成.LiCl-HOAc-H_2O体系25℃时的相图中有3种固相,即LiCl·H_2O、LiCl和LiCl·(1/2)HOAc.相变LiCl·H_2O→LiCl→LiCl·(1/2)HOAc表明HOAc在该三元体系中具有盐溶、脱水和溶剂合3种作用.此结果提供了一种制备无水LiCl的新方法.