基于信息显著性差异的绿色产业评价指标筛选模型及实证

依据广义的绿色产业内涵,通过信息显著性差异与信息冗余分析定量筛选指标,建立了包括绿色生产指标层、绿色生态环境指标层、绿色消费方式指标层的大连市绿色产业评价指标体系。本文的创新与特色一是通过负载系数大小差异进行信息显著性分析,删除负载系数小、对综合评价结果影响弱的指标。克服了现有研究先进行相关分析剔除冗余指标,再利用负载系数大小差异筛选出反映信息显著性大的指标的弊端。事实上,指标间较高的相关性是计算负载系数的必要前提。因此,利用负载系数筛选指标前是不可进行指标的相关分析降低指标间的相关性的。二是通过结合专家知识经验辨析指标的实际含义,仅对反映信息可能重复的指标使用相关分析,剔除同指标层内相关系数较大的两个指标中反映指标层信息能力相对较弱的指标。克服了仅仅通过相关系数不能准确衡量指标间信息重复程度的弊端。研究结果表明,最终建立的指标体系通过25．68％的指标反映了97．09％的原始信息。通过与同类的指标体系进行对比,对大连市绿色产业评价指标体系的合理性做了进一步的分析。     

Aggregate production planning for process industries under oligopolistic competition

We consider a competitive version of the traditional aggregate production planning model with capacity constraints. In the general case, multiple products are produced by a few competing producers (oligopoly) with limited capacities. Production quantities, prices and consequently profits depend on production and allocation decisions of each producer. In addition, there is competition for the raw material whose supplies are limited, and where prices reflect these limitations. Such situations have recently occurred in several process industry settings including petro-refining, petrochemicals, basic chemicals, cement, fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, rubber, paper, food processing and metals. We use a successive “Bertrand–Cournot” framework to address this problem and to determine optimal production quantities, prices and profits at the producers and at the raw material supplier. Our analysis allows a new way to understand and evaluate the marginal value of additional capacity when there is competition for the market and raw materials.     

Inventory constrained maritime routing and scheduling for multi-commodity liquid bulk,Part I: Applications and model

This paper formulates a model for finding a minimum cost routing in a network for a heterogeneous fleet of ships engaged in pickup and delivery of several liquid bulk products. The problem is frequently encountered by maritime chemical transport companies, including oil companies serving an archipelago of islands. The products are assumed to require dedicated compartments in the ship. The problem is to decide how much of each product should be carried by each ship from supply ports to demand ports, subject to the inventory level of each product in each port being maintained between certain levels that are set by the production rates, the consumption rates, and the storage capacities of the various products in each port. This important and challenging inventory constrained multi-ship pickup–delivery problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear program. We show that the model can be reformulated as an equivalent mixed-integer linear program with special structure. Over 100 test problems are randomly generated and solved using CPLEX 7.5. The results of our numerical experiments illuminate where problem structure can be exploited in order to solve larger instances of the model. Part II of the sequel will deal with new algorithms that take advantage of model properties.     

Industrial Applications of Mössbauer Spectroscopy

Hyperfine Interactions - The historical development of the use of Mössbauer spectroscopy in industrial applications is briefly outlined. The power of the technique for the study of...     

Combined chemical and phase equilibrium for the hydration of ethylene to ethanol calculated by means of the Peng-Robinson-Stryjek-Vera equation of state and the Wong-Sandler mixing rules

Due to the economics of the ethylene market and the subsidized production of fermentation-based ethanol in some countries, use of the ethylene hydration process to make ethanol has been steadily declining. The economics of this process might improve by combining the reaction and separation in a reactive distillation column, whose conceptual design requires a study of the combined chemical and phase equilibrium (CPE) of the reacting system. In this work, the Peng-Robinson-Stryjek-Vera equation of state was combined with the UNIQUAC activity coefficient model through the Wong-Sandler (WS) mixing rules in order to correlate the available experimental data for the vapor-liquid equilibria (VLE) of the ethylene-water, ethylene-ethanol, and ethanol-water binary systems at 200 °C. The interaction energies of the UNIQUAC model and the binary interaction coefficient of the WS mixing rules were used as the fitting parameters. From the optimum values of these parameters, both the VLE and the combined CPE of the ethylene-water-ethanol ternary system were predicted at 200 °C and various pressures. At this temperature, the catalytic activity of a H-pentasil zeolite has already been reported to exhibit a maximum for ethylene hydration, and also the experimentally measured two-phase region of the ternary system is sufficiently wide. By means of the reactive flash method, the chemical equilibrium compositions of the liquid and vapor phases were determined for several pressures, and the equilibrium conversion and the vapor fraction were calculated as functions of the ethylene to water feed mole ratio. It turns out that the vapor-liquid mixed-phase hydration of ethylene achieves equilibrium conversions much higher than those computed for a vapor-phase reaction that would hypothetically occur at the same conditions of pressure and feed mole ratio. It was found that the reactive phase diagram of the ternary system exhibits a critical point at 200 °C and 155 atm.     

A near-infrared spectroscopy method to determine aminoglycosides in pharmaceutical formulations

The analytical determination of aminoglycosides in pharmaceutical formulations is very difficult due to the lack of chromophores or fluorophores. Several analytical methods have been developed along the years mainly based on derivatization reactions. The European Pharmacopeia (EP) and the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) describe a microbiological assay to the quantification of aminoglycosides. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can be used alternatively to analyse aminoglycosides without the need of derivatization reactions or other type of sample processing. A new NIRS based method was developed for the analysis of the aminoglycoside antibiotic neomycin. The method was developed with samples based on a commercial formulation containing neomycin sulphate and three excipients: lactose, talc and magnesium stearate. Synthetic and doped samples were manufactured for this purpose. Three lots of a commercial solid formulation were also used to assess the validity of the method to quantify neomycin sulphate in the industrial pharmaceutical product. The method proposes measurements in reflectance mode using a Fourier-transform near infrared (FT-NIR) spectrometer. Partial least squares regression was the multivariate method adopted to calibrate the NIR spectra with the neomycin sulphate mass fraction. The concentration of neomycin sulphate present in the commercial samples was confirmed by HPLC with pre-column derivatization with phenylisocyanate. Results show that neomycin sulphate was determined successfully in the commercial samples using the method calibrated with the doped samples (mass fraction error of 6.6%). Moreover, the synthetic samples were found to be unqualified to develop the method, producing a biased calibration.     

Evaluation of relative LC/MS response of metabolites to parent drug in LC/nanospray ionization mass spectrometry: potential implications in MIST assessment

There is an increasing demand for quantitative data on metabolite exposure triggered by regulatory guidances. This contribution describes the accuracy of nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry response of drug compounds and their metabolites from biological matrices compared with radiometric quantification. This is a comprehensive investigation of a set of real-life pharmaceutical compounds in relevant matrices such as urine, bile, feces and plasma. The data suggest that nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry can be used for semi-quantitation of metabolites in the absence of reference standards. Therefore, this approach is suitable to screen out non-relevant metabolites early in development as long as an adequate analytical error margin is applied thus balancing risks and resources.     

基于景气跟踪图的经济景气分析方法

首次将景气跟踪图方法引入中国经济景气分析中,并从宏观经济和行业分析两个维度对中国经济景气情况进行了分析.景气跟踪图方法基于时钟分析方法,对多个重要的经济时间序列指标的发展、运行进行跟踪,进而分析国民经济运行状态.景气跟踪图方法是一种新的景气分析方法,目前多用于宏观经济分析,作者尝试将其引入到行业分析中.针对直接采用原有景气跟踪图可能存在的问题,作者结合先行指标体系进行景气跟踪图分析,同时提出了基于景气跟踪图的经济持久期分析方法.中国经济的实证结果表明改进的景气跟踪图方法在宏观经济与行业分析中均有非常良好的表现,是现有景气分析方法的很好改进与补充.     

甘肃省物流业与经济发展的协调性评价分析

介绍了甘肃省物流业的实际状况,其次建立了甘肃省经济发展和甘肃省物流业发展的二级评价指标体系,运用基于方差加权法与熵值法相结合的综合赋权法的非线性评价模型分别对甘肃省经济发展的综合实力和物流业发展的综合实力进行评价.最后基于回归和隶属度函数相结合的方法,运用物流业和经济发展的综合实力评价结果分析计算甘肃省物流系统与经济系统的协调测度,根据计算的测度绘制散点图,对甘肃省物流系统与经济系统的协调度进行分析评价.     

我国汽车产业竞争力区域差异的实证研究

近年来,随着汽车产业对我国经济增长贡献日渐提高,各省市纷纷将汽车产业定位为支柱产业来发展。本文基于汽车产业竞争力分析框架,根据我国各省市、自治区2001-2009年的统计数据,从产业规模、技术能力、经营效率和成长能力四个方面,实证分析汽车产业竞争力区域差异。研究发现,我国汽车产业竞争力区域差距较大,在汽车产业水平领先的地区出现明显两极分化,而一些汽车产业水平落后的地区却具备较强的成长能力,其结论对推动中国汽车产业的发展具有重要的借鉴意义。