Analytical and approximate solutions of(2+1)-dimensional time-fractional Burgers-Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation

In this paper, we applied the sub-equation method to obtain a new exact solution set for the extended version of the time-fractional Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation, namely BurgersKadomtsev-Petviashvili equation(Burgers-K-P) that arises in shallow water waves.Furthermore, using the residual power series method(RPSM), approximate solutions of the equation were obtained with the help of the Mathematica symbolic computation package. We also presented a few graphical illustrations for some surfaces. The fractional derivatives were considered in the conformable sense. All of the obtained solutions were replaced back in the governing equation to check and ensure the reliability of the method. The numerical outcomes confirmed that both methods are simple, robust and effective to achieve exact and approximate solutions of nonlinear fractional differential equations.     

Role of Bipolar Pulsed DBD on the Growth of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Microcystis aeruginosa</Emphasis> in Three-Phase Discharge Plasma Reactor

Algae in drinking water supplies often bring about impact on the water treatment. In this study, a bipolar pulsed dielectric barrier discharge system in three-phase discharge plasma reactor was constructed for investigating its ability to control excessive growth of cyanobacteria, Microcystis aeruginosa. Experimental results show there was almost no change in optical density immediately after the interruption of electrical discharge, but the decreasing trend of optical density, cell density and chlorophyll-a content was obvious during the incubation period, indicating a significant residual effect of electrical discharge process on the algal growth inhibition. Scanning electron microscopy investigation of algae revealed surface damage, apparent leakage of intracellular contents and pores formed after electrical discharge process, which showed that algal cells had no potential to survive and grow. Compared with the control sample, it was observed that electrical discharge on the algal extracellular products has almost no residual effect and the growth rate of algae slightly decreased before three days storage. Hydrogen peroxide was produced by electrical discharge in the μM level and showed a first-order decay. But at such level, the external addition of hydrogen peroxide alone is not likely to cause the residual effect. These results implicated that the growth inhibition of M. aeruginosa was mainly caused by electrical discharge process, and it made the algal cells lose ability to survive, demonstrating the considerable potential of such an alternative process for efficient water purification.     

大学生学习成绩分析及相应的差异教学策略

以SPSS、Origin为主要数据分析工具,对某大学化工学院本科生期末考试成绩进行分析。对降序排列的平均学分绩点一元拟合曲线的残差进行了拟合,对其拟合函数进行求导,发现可以将样本按照20%、50%、30%的比例分为3个集团。通过层次聚类也得到类似的结果。不同集团的学生的学分获得率的组成、标准偏差分布明显不同。重要的专业基础课程在学生学习集团的形成中起到了重要的作用,基于统计结果,建议针对不同集团学生的学习特点应采取相应的差异化教学策略。     

液相色谱法测定中药材中的富马酸单甲酯与富马酸二甲酯

建立了同时测定中药材中富马酸单甲酯(MMF)和富马酸二甲酯(DMF)的高效液相色谱方法。样品经乙酸乙酯提取、氨基复合石墨碳固相萃取柱净化后,C18柱分离,二极管阵列检测器检测。在0.025~5.0 μg/mL浓度范围内,色谱峰面积与分析物浓度呈良好线性关系,MMF和DMF的检出限(S/N=3)分别为0.015、0.020 mg/kg,定量下限(S/N=10)分别为0.05、0.06 mg/kg。当加标浓度水平为0.1、0.2、0.5 mg/kg时,MMF和DMF的回收率为78.9%~97.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为1.7%~6.0%。方法灵敏、可靠,能够满足中药材中MMF和DMF残留检测的要求。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定茶汤中7种苯甲酰脲类农药残留

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)法,结合溶剂提取和固相富集技术同时测定茶汤中氟啶脲、除虫脲、啶蜱脲、氟虫脲、氟铃脲、伏虫隆和杀铃脲7种苯甲酰农药残留的方法。研究了提取溶剂的种类、用量和提取时间,以及固相富集小柱的固定相和流动相对7种苯甲酰脲类农药的提取率、分离度、灵敏度和重现性等的影响。结果表明,在最佳条件下,7种苯甲酰脲类农药在6.5min内被完全分离。7种苯甲酰脲类农药残留的检测限(DL)和定量限(QL)分别为0.08~1.00ng/mL和0.09~3.02ng/mL,加标回收率为90%~105%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于7%(n=6)。利用所建立的方法成功测定了不同茶汤中上述7种苯甲酰脲类农药残留。该方法具有耗时短、灵敏度高、稳定性好等优点,有助于茶叶安全饮用的准确评价。     

用于测量农药残留的小麦酯酶的选择

为研制探测农药残留的生物传感器，研究了农药乐果[O,O-二甲基S－（N－甲基胺基甲酰甲戎）二硫代磷酸酯]对各种小麦植物酯酶的抑制，从小麦中提取植物酶，以农药乐果为抑制剂，采用分光光度法研究了乐果对各种小麦酯酶活性的影响；研究显示，不同品种小麦酯酶对农药乐果的敏感度不同，在所研究的品种中，豫麦39和小麦周9对乐果较敏感，研究结果说明了选择小麦酶源的必要性。     

基质固相分散气相色谱电子捕获检测器测定葡萄酒中5种农药残留

采用基质固相分散的样品前处理方法,替代传统的液-液萃取、固相萃取,从葡萄酒中提取、净化5种农药,气相色谱电子捕获检测器分析测定,基质匹配标准校正方法补偿基质效应。添加3水平(0.01-0.10mg/L)的回收率为85.7%-104.6%;相对标准偏差为3.6%-8.5%;检出限达到0.1-0.8μg/kg。本方法可用于葡萄酒样品中农药残留的测定。     

杀菌剂抑霉唑在梨子中残留动态分析

提出了通过液-液萃取,而后用气相色谱方法测定梨中抑霉唑残留量的方法.对已报道的样品提取、纯化方法进行了改进.本试验以丙酮作提取剂,经乙酸乙酯萃取,用高灵敏度气相色谱μ-ECD检测器测定.方法检出限为0.01 mg/kg,平均回收率为80.5%～111.8%,相对标准偏差为0.3%～3.3%.该法可用于梨肉和梨皮中抑霉唑残留量的测定.同时,还对抑霉唑由梨皮向梨肉的迁移,在梨体上的降解等动态进行了测定.     

大气压固体分析探头离子源-串联质谱法快速检测蔬菜中多种农药残留

将大气压固体分析探头离子源(ASAP)与多级质谱耦合(ASAP-MS/MS), 在无需净化或浓缩等前处理及无需色谱分离的条件下, 建立了蔬菜中13种农药残留的乙腈提取直接质谱分析方法, 单个样品检测在数分钟内即可完成. 针对常压直接分析质谱易受环境影响和上样精度差的问题, 对ASAP电离源条件如脱溶剂气温度、电晕放电电流、样品溶液组成和进样模式等进行了优化; 采用多反应监测扫描(MRM), 通过产物离子丰度比进行定性, 用内标标准曲线法定量; 对韭菜、油菜和芹菜3种基质进行了考察, 结果表明存在明显的基质效应. 本方法在5.0~500 μg/L浓度范围内的线性相关系数均高于0.995, 检出限为0.04~0.89 μg/kg, 精密度(RSD, n=7)为5.1%~13.0%. 超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法对实际样品的检测结果与ASAP-MS/MS的检测结果一致. 该方法分析速度快, 灵敏度高, 无需有机溶剂且结果可靠, 可应用于大批量农药残留的筛查和应急监测任务.     

UPLC-MS/MS测定葡萄籽提取物中78种农药残留

建立了超高效液相色谱串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)检测葡萄籽提取物中78种农药残留物的分析方法。样品用乙腈振荡提取,经乙二胺-N-丙基甲硅烷(PSA)和石墨化炭(GCB)固相萃取柱串联净化,乙腈-甲苯(V/V3:1)洗脱,洗脱液浓缩至约0.5 mL后,于45℃下氮气吹干,1.0 mL乙腈定容,UPLC-MS/MS测定,外标法定量。葡萄籽提取物中,78种农药在0.001～0.2μg/mL范围内线性关系均良好;所有农药的方法定量限(LOQ)均低于17.0μg/kg;在5,25,50μg/kg的添加水平下,葡萄籽提取物中78种农药的平均回收率处于72.6%～113.5%之间,相对标准偏差不大于11%。方法适用于葡萄籽提取物中78种农药残留的快速筛查测定。