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141.
M.S. Tokumoto V. Briois C.V. Santilli S.H. Pulcinelli 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2003,26(1-3):547-551
The structure of zinc acetate derived precursor currently used in the sol-gel synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles is described. The reaction products obtained before and after reflux of ethanolic zinc acetate solution have been studied by UV-Vis, photoluminescence, FTIR and EXAFS at the Zn K edge. EXAFS results evidence for both precursor solutions a change from the octahedral coordination sphere of oxygen atoms characteristic of the solid zinc acetate dihydrate compound into a four-fold environment. The EXAFS spectra of precursor solutions can be satisfactorily reproduced using the molecular structure reported for Zn4O(Ac)6 (Ac = COOCH3). UV-Vis and FTIR measurements are also in agreement with the formation of this oligomeric precursor. The structural modification is more pronounced after reflux at 80°C, because the increase of the Zn4O(Ac)6 amount and the formation of nearly 3.0 nm sized ZnO nanoparticle. 相似文献
142.
固体表面化学发光分析 Ⅰ.不渗透阻挡技术的应用和研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文应用不渗透阻挡技术在固体基质上保持恒定的化学发光区域,实现了固体表面化学发光分析,并对固体表面化学发光特性,发光的均匀性和重视性,固体基质的选择和纯化等方面进行了研究,测定了13种无机及生物活性物质固体表面化学发光的线性范围及检测限。由于此法克服了固体基质荧光分析和固体表面室温磷光分析的散射光背景的影响,获得了更高的信噪比和更好的检测限。 相似文献
143.
Colloidal palladium nanocatalysts prepared by in situ reductions of palladium chloride were immobilized and protected by either of two water-soluble polymers. The particle sizes and size distributions of the palladium colloids were determined by transmission electron microscopy. Their selectivities as catalysts were determined by comparing the extents of hydrogenation of carefully chosen pairs of small-molecule olefins. There was found to be high hydrogenation selectivity with regard to cyclic vs. noncyclic olefins. Selectivity was relatively low, however, among olefins that differed only in size (such as hexene vs. octene), or olefins differing only with regard to the positions of the double bonds (such as 1-octene vs. 3-octene). Selectivity could be improved by careful choice of the immobilizing polymer, and by its use at relatively high concentrations. 相似文献
144.
Baumgartner T Bergmans W Kárpáti T Neumann T Nieger M Nyulászi L 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2005,11(16):4687-4699
To explore their suitability for applications in molecular optoelectronics and as sensory materials, novel dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]phospholes have been synthesized and their reactivity and properties investigated. An efficient two-step synthesis allowed for a modular assembly of differently functionalized compounds. The dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]phosphole system exhibits extraordinary optoelectronic properties with respect to wavelength, intensity, and tunability. Owing to the nucleophilic nature of the central phosphorus atom, its significant electronic influence on the conjugated pi system can be altered selectively by chemically facile modifications such as oxidation or complexation with Lewis acids or transition metals. All the dithienophosphole species presented show very strong blue photoluminescence with excellent quantum yield efficiencies supporting their potential utility as blue-light emitting components in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Furthermore, depending on the electronic nature of the phosphorus center, the materials exhibit distinctive optoelectronic properties suggesting that the dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]phosphole system may be useful as sensory material. Theoretical calculations, including time-dependent DFT methods, revealed the excellent predictability of the structures and optoelectronic properties of the functionalized dithienophospholes allowing the design of future dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]phosphole-based materials to be "stream-lined". By using tin-functionalized dithienophosphole monomers, a strategy, which involves Stille coupling, towards extended pi-conjugated materials with significantly redshifted optoelectronic properties is also presented. 相似文献
145.
Formation of silver nanoparticles has been developed based on a template technique. Amphiphilic star-block copolymers employed as single molecule template, utilizing the coordination of Ag+ ions with carboxyl groups in the core of the star-block copolymer. Silver nanoparticles have been prepared by the addition of chemical reductant, e.g., NaBH4. The solution of the resultant nanosphere composites showed yellow due to the surface plasmon resonance. These composites were soluble in organic solvents, because hydrophobic corona of the star-block copolymer protected the fabricated silver nanoparticles from aggregation. 相似文献
146.
147.
以乙酰丙酮镍、油酸、油胺为原料,十八烯为溶剂,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为表面活性剂,采用溶剂热法,在不同反应条件制备了纳米级氧化镍材料.通过X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、透射电子显微镜(Transmission electron microscope,TEM)、紫外-可见光吸收光谱(Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy,UV-Vis)光谱分析以及塔菲尔(Tafel)测试考察了反应物比例、保温时间、表面活性剂(PVP)、油胺的量对产物微结构、粒径、形貌、光学以及电化学活性性能的影响.实验结果表明:在反应物n[Ni(acac)2]∶n(OA)=1∶2、添加剂PVP质量分数为1.66%、油胺物质的量为30 mmol、200℃下保温8 h时,可获得粒径约为30~40 nm纯相氧化镍,具有最佳电化学活性,交换电流密度为J0=1.23×10-2 mA·cm-2. 相似文献
148.
Jason C. White Zakia D. Parrish Martin P.N. Gent Brian D. Eitzer 《Microchemical Journal》2005,81(1):148-155
Ten plant species previously shown to accumulate inorganic elements effectively from natural solids were grown under field conditions in p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (p,p′-DDE) contaminated soil. The plant species, which included rye, mustard, canola, vetch, pigeonpea, clover, peanut, and 3 cultivars of white lupin, represented both monocots and dicots, as well as two major families within the dicots: the Brassicaceae and the Fabaceae. The plants varied widely in their ability to phytoextract and translocate weathered p,p′-DDE. The percentage of contaminant phytoextracted ranged from 0.06% (white lupin) to 0.22% (clover, vetch), and the translocation factors (TF; contaminant concentration ratio of stems to roots) ranged from 0.04 (clover, white lupin) to 0.37 (canola). An inverse relationship exists between the amount of contaminant in the roots as measured by the root BCF (bioconcentration factor; dry weight contaminant concentration ratio of root to soil) and the TF. Duplicate mounds of each species were periodically amended with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), nitrogen and phosphorus together (N/P); a minus phosphorus treatment involved the addition of AlSO4 to the soil prior to planting. The effect of nutrient regime on plant biomass, p,p′-DDE uptake and translocation, and inorganic element content varied greatly among the 10 plant species. For some species (rye, vetch, pigeonpea, clover, white lupin), reductions or non-significant changes in p,p′-DDE uptake were observed under the nutrient treatments and were not correlated with plant biomass effects. For mustard, canola, and peanut, the percentage of p,p′-DDE phytoextracted in the various treatments was more than doubled and was directly correlated with a two-fold increase in total plant biomass. Although it is generally assumed that fertilizer amendments will enhance the phytoremediation of organic and inorganic pollutants, the data here suggest that such effects are highly species specific and in some cases may actually decrease remediation potential. 相似文献
149.
150.
This paper focus on the event-triggered sliding mode controller design for discrete-time switched genetic regulatory networks (GRNs) with persistent dwell time (PDT) switching. Firstly, the observation error dynamics of switched GRNs with PDT is constructed in the light of event-triggered sliding mode control (SMC) scheme. Next, sufficient conditions are derived to ensure the exponential stability of the augmented plant. Moreover, an event-triggered SMC law is synthesized to impel the system trajectories onto the sliding surface in a finite time. Finally, a verification example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness and potential of the proposed method. 相似文献