Solubility of carbon dioxide in pentaerythritol tetraoctanoate

In this paper, solubility measurements of CO₂ in pure pentaerythritol tetraoctanoate (PEC8) between 273 and 343 K are presented. The experiments were performed according to the static, synthetic method. The data are represented using the Peng–Robinson equation of state with the Huron–Vidal mixing rules and the UNIQUAC equation for the excess Gibbs Energy (g^E) at infinite pressure. This system shows immiscibility in liquid phase, with lower critical end point (LCEP) at T = 268 ± 0.1 K and xCO₂=0.98±0.001$x_{\text{C}{\text{O}}_2}=0.98\pm 0.001$ and upper critical end point (UCEP) at the critical point of pure CO₂.     

Characterization of electron-beam-modified surface coated clay fillers and their influence on physical properties of rubbers

A novel process of surface modification of clay filler has been developed by coating this with an acrylate monomer, trimethylol propane triacrylate (TMPTA) or a silane coupling agent, triethoxy vinyl silane (TEVS) followed by electron beam irradiation. Characterization of these surface modified fillers has been carried out by Fourier-transform infrared analysis (FTIR), electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), wettability by dynamic wicking method measuring the rise of a liquid through a filler-packed capillary tube and water flotation test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Presence of the acrylate and the silane coupling agent on the modified fillers has been confirmed from FTIR, ESCA, and EDX studies, which has also been supported by TGA studies. The contact angle measurement by dynamic wicking method suggests improvement in hydrophobicity of the treated fillers, which is supported by water flotation test especially in the case of silanized clay. However, XRD studies demonstrate that the entire modification process does not affect the bulk properties of the fillers. Finally, both unmodified and modified clay fillers have been incorporated in styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and nitrile rubber (NBR). Rheometric and mechanical properties reveal that there is a definite improvement using these modified fillers specially in the case of silanized clay compared to the control sample, probably due to successful enhancement in interaction between the treated clay and the base polymer.     

SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF MACROPOROUS MA-TMPTA COPOLYMERS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN ADSORPTION OF FLAVONOIDS FROM GINKGO LEAVES EXTRACT

1 INTRODUCTIONAdsorption by macroporous polymeric adsorbents is one of tile important methods inpurification of ginkgo leaves extract ill. Amberlite XAD-7, a macroporous polymeric adsorbentbased on methyl methacrylate - trimethylolpropane triacrylate copolymer, was reported to use inadsorptive purification of ginkgo leaves extract and other natural products containing flavonoidsfi.3]. Interaction between the adsorbent and flavonoids is based on hydrogen bonding between theester carbonyl-…     

Photoinitiated crosslinking of EPDM/inorganic filler blends and characterization of related properties

<正>Photoinitiated crosslinking of ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer(EPDM) blends filled with calcium carbonate, talc and calcined kaolin(CK) in the presence of benzil dimethyl ketal as photoinitiator and trimethylolpropane triacrylate as crosslinker and their related properties have been studied by different analytical methods.The results from gel content and heat extension determination show that the efficiency of photocrosslinking of EPDM increases with increasing the content of diene and its molecular weight.The EPDM blends with 100 phr different inorganic fillers can be photocrosslinked to gel content of above 60%by 5 s UV-irradiation under optimum conditions.Under the same conditions of irradiation,the orders of photocrosslinking rate and final gel content are EPDM/CaCO_3EPDM/talcEPDM/CK.The data from thermogravimetric analysis,dynamic mechanical thermal analysis,electrical properties,mechanical tests and scanning electron microscopy show that UV irradiation crosslinking apparently enhances the thermal stability,mechanical properties and electrical properties of the photocrosslinked EPDM/inorganic filler samples.Although the attenuated total-reflection FTIR data show that inorganic fillers can promote the surface photo-oxidation of EPDM/inorganic filler samples with increasing the irradiation time,the above related properties of the photocrosslinked EPDM blends irradiated within 5 s are enough to satisfy many applications in the cable industry.     

Excited states of CF4 plasma for polymerization of TMPTA monomer

The F and CF₂–CF₂⁺ excited states have been detected by emission spectroscopy in CF₄RF plasmas used for TMPTA polymerization. These excited states are related through electron collision to F and CF₂ ground states. The temporal variation of the F and CF₂–CF₂⁺ radiative states near the substrate reveals that the F atoms disappear first by incorporation in the monomer during the polymerization phase and, then, by a third body recombination process enhanced by the polymer surface. The CF₂–CF₂⁺ radiative states are varying as the inverse of the F states indicating a strong destruction mechanism of CF₂ radicals by F atoms.     

Vapor pressure measurements in the range 10 Pa to 1 Pa of four pentaerythritol esters: Density and vapor–liquid equilibria modeling of ester lubricants

Vapor pressures of four pure pentaerythritol esters, PE, pentaerythritol tetrapentanoate, pentaerythritol tetraheptanoate, pentaerythritol tetranonanoate and pentaerythritol tetra 2-ethylhexanoate were measured between 334 and 476 K in a recently developed gas saturation apparatus. The experimental vapor pressure values for the four polyolesters range from 5.6 × 10⁻⁵ Pa to 0.94 Pa. These data together with density values were used to determined SAFT and PC-SAFT characteristic parameters. The linearity of molecular parameters for both models with the molecular weight permits to interpolate and extrapolate these parameters for pentaerythritol ester with linear chains. For pentaerythritol esters with ethyl-alkanoic chains, the parameters of SAFT and PC-SAFT have been estimated assuming that the slope of these straight lines is the same for PEs with linear chains that for PE with branched chains. This procedure was used to predict density of commercial POEs, estimating the molecular weight when it is not available from the viscosity at 313.15 K. PC-SAFT gives better performances than SAFT to predict density data for these four compounds at high pressures and for other PEs at atmospheric pressure. Furthermore, characteristic parameters for Soave-Redlich-Kwong and Peng Robinson EoSs were also estimated from the experimental vapor pressures and literature density values.     

季戊四醇四硝酸酯晶体能带结构和起爆机理的DFT研究

对季戊四醇四硝酸酯(PETN)晶体进行DFT-B3LYP计算,求得其晶格能为-1.000eV,与实验值相近.前沿能带平坦,表明分子轨道能态受分子晶体场的影响较小.硝基O原子的较大贡献和酯O原子的较小贡献共同组成价带上沿态密度,而空带下沿则由硝基O和硝基N原子共同组成,说明-NO₂基易于接受电子.O-C键的重叠布居数明显比所有其它键的小,加之O-C键鞍点偏离其中点0.022nm,表明该键易于优先异裂起爆.由重叠布居数可知,分子间O…H存在较小的相互作用,[110]方向的撞击将使O…H距离靠近,因而相互作用加强,还使O-C键上的电子向O原子转移,并大大减小该键的重叠布居数,因而促进了该键的异裂.     

丙烯酸铈(Ⅲ)-丙烯酸丁酯对明胶的接枝共聚鞣制

以（ＮＨ４）２Ｓ２Ｏ８－ＮａＨＳＯ３作引发剂,用丙烯酸丁酯和丙烯酸铈（Ⅲ）对明胶进行乳液接枝共聚鞣制。考察了乳化剂种类及用量、介质ＰＨ值,乳液固含量和离子浓度等因子对反应及乳液稳定性的影响,通过对合成聚合物与明胶结全形式的研究,探讨了接枝共聚鞣制的机理。     

Peralkylation of pentaerythritol for gas chromatographic— mass spectrometric analysis

Summary A rapid and convenient method for the full O-alkylation of pentaerythritol was investigated. The method involves an alkyl halide in a polar aprotic solvent, in the presence of sodium hydroxide. The optimal reaction conditions were studied for methyl iodide, ethyl iodide and bromide, n-propyl bromide and n-butyl bromide. Methyl and propyl derivatives were quantitatively obtained in a short reaction time. The method was applied for the gas chromatographic—mass spectrometric analysis of a commerical pentaerythritol sample.     

Neutralized flame retardant phosphorus agent: Facile synthesis, reaction to fire in PP and synergy with zinc borate

A neutralized intumescent fire retardant (NIFR) has been synthesized in “one step and one pot” using a simple, novel and safe protocol. The fire retardant efficiency of the NIFR in polypropylene (PP) has been evaluated using usual fire testing methods. The results show that the NIFR is very effective. Moreover, we demonstrate that zinc borate exhibits a synergistic effect on fire retardant properties and apparently prevents migration of the additives through the polymer matrix.