Toward efficient interactions of bubbles and coal particles induced by stable cavitation bubbles under 600 kHz ultrasonic standing waves

The interactions of bubbles and coal particles in 600 kHz ultrasonic standing waves (USW) field has been investigated. A high-speed camera was employed to record the phenomena occurred under the USW treatment. The formation and behaviors of cavitation bubbles were analyzed. Under the driving of these cavitation bubbles, whose size is from several microns to dozens of microns, coal particles were aggregated and then attracted by large bubbles due to the acoustic radiation forces. The results of USW-assisted flotation show a significant improvement in recoveries at 600 kHz, which indicates that the interactions of bubbles and particles in the USW field are more efficient than that in the conventional gravitational field. Furthermore, the sound pressure distribution of the USW was measured and predicted by a hydrophone. The analysis of gravity and buoyancy, primary and secondary Bjerknes forces shows that bubble-laden particles can be attracted by the rising bubbles under large acoustic forces. This study highlights the potential for USW technology to achieve efficient bubble-particle interactions in flotation.     

CE characterization of semiconductor nanocrystals encapsulated with amorphous silicium dioxide

The electrophoretic mobility of silica-encapsulated semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots) dependent on the pH and the ionic strength of the separation electrolyte has been determined by CE. Having shown the viability of the approach, the electrophoretic mobility mu of the nanoparticles investigated is calculated for varied zeta potential zeta, particle radius r, and ionic strength I employing an approximate analytical expression presented by Ohshima (J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2001, 239, 587-590). The comparison of calculated with measured data shows that the experimental observations exactly follow what would be expected from theory. Within the parameter range investigated at fixed zeta and I there is an increase in mu with r which is a nonlinear function. This dependence of mu on size parameters can be used for the size-dependent separation of particles. Modeling of mu as function of I and zeta makes it possible to calculate the size distribution of nanoparticles from electrophoretic data (using the peak shape of the particle zone in the electropherogram) without the need for calibration provided that zeta is known with adequate accuracy. Comparison of size distributions calculated via the presented method with size histograms determined from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs reveals that there is an excellent matching of the size distribution curves obtained with the two independent methods. A comparison of calculated with measured distributions of the electrophoretic mobility showed that the observed broad bands in CE studies of colloidal nanoparticles are mainly due to electrophoretic heterogeneity resulting from the particle size distribution.     

Microfluidic differential resistive pulse sensors

This study demonstrates an on-chip resistive pulse-sensing scheme with a design of symmetric mirror channels, which significantly reduces the noise and achieves better signal-to-noise ratio. Polystyrene particles of different sizes have been detected with the developed sensing scheme and a record low volume ratio of the particle to the sensing channel, or 0.0004%, has been detected with particles of 520 nm in diameter in a sensing aperture of 50x16x20 microm3. This volume ratio is about ten times lower than the lowest volume ratio reported in the literature including that specified for commercial Coulter counters.     

激光烧蚀-多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱测定铀颗粒物中铀全同位素比值

建立了铀颗粒物中铀全同位素比值的分析方法,采用双面胶带装载铀颗粒物样品,优化激光烧蚀-多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱的运行参数,用标准样品交叉法校正质量分馏和探测器检测效率,测定了粒径几十微米的铀标准物质CRM124-1、GBW04234和GBW04238中铀全同位素比值.本方法对铀颗粒物中235U/238U、234 U/235U和236 U/235U测量的相对实验标准不确定度分别小于0.050％,1.7％和1.8％,测量结果与参考值在不确定度范围内符合.研究表明,本方法可快速、准确、高精度地测定铀颗粒物中铀全同位素比值.     

微流控技术制备微胶囊负载钯催化剂

采用微流控技术结合悬浮聚合方法实现了百微米级含膦配体聚苯乙烯微胶囊的可控制备, 微胶囊尺寸在320~420 μm范围内可调, 且单分散性好. 扫描电子显微镜、能量散射光谱和电感耦合等离子发射光谱结果证实了其形貌和组成的均匀性及钯负载的可控性和有效性. 以溴代芳烃与苯硼酸的Suzuki偶联反应为模型反应评价了负载Pd(PPh₃)₄的百微米级微胶囊的催化性能, 发现其性能与文献报道的7~8 μm的同类催化剂微胶囊接近, 且均优于均相催化剂; 该催化剂经简单过滤后, 可实现多次循环使用, 未发现活性物种的流失. 该法实现了连续制备, 因而有助于提高制备的效率和可控性. 另外, 所制百微米级催化剂微胶囊在固定床反应器内具有较高催化剂浓度和机械性能, 且优于浆态床中使用的微米级催化剂微胶囊.     

分散第二相Al_2O_3对高分子固体电解质电性能的影响

于固体电解质PEO＿NaSCN络合物中加入Al2O3绝缘体作为第二相,分别研究了Al2O3的粒径,含量对该固体电解质电性能的影响.发现当Al2O3的粒径小于1μm时,离子电导率比纯的固体电解质的电导率高,大于1μm时,则比纯样品的低,即临界粒径约为1μm.当Al2O3的含量达到约25%时,电导率达到极大值.此外,样品的高频极化和低频极化也随Al2O3的粒径的增大而越显著.     

种子乳液聚合的研究进展

种子乳液聚合法因具有乳液稳定性更好、粒径分布窄、易控制等优点,在乳胶粒子设计及制备各种功能性胶乳方面具有重要作用,是制备高固含量乳液及具有核壳结构乳液的最常见最简便的方法.本文综述了近年来种子乳液的聚合工艺、聚合机理, 包括接枝机理、互穿聚合物网络机理、聚合物沉积机理、种子表面聚合机理和离子键合机理等,以及种子乳液聚合在乳胶粒子设计方面的应用研究进展,并讨论了影响种子乳液聚合的各种因素.     

Inverse transient radiation analysis in one-dimensional non-homogeneous participating slabs using particle swarm optimization algorithms

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms, including standard PSO, Stochastic PSO, and Multi-Phase PSO, are applied to solve the time-domain inverse transient radiation problems in the present research. Time-resolved transmittance and reflectance signals of four different measuring models serve as the measurement data, which estimate absorption, scattering coefficients, and geometric position within one-dimensional non-homogeneous media by inverse simulation. To check retrieval performances and accuracies of PSO-based approaches, four different inverse transient radiation cases are investigated to deal with one homogeneous layer, two-layer, three-layer, and continuous non-homogenous media. The influences of different searching ranges, swarm sizes, and maximum fly velocities on the fitness function of PSO are discussed. Meanwhile, the effects of measurement errors on the reconstruction accuracy are also investigated. All the results confirm that radiative parameters could be estimated accurately with measurement noise using PSO-based approaches.     

Two-stage electrostatic precipitator with co- and counter-flow particle prechargers

Lab-scale, two-stage electrostatic precipitation system comprising of precharging stage, in which PM2.5 particles are electrically charged, and collection stage, in which the charged particles are removed from the flowing gas by electric field, was investigated in this paper. Two types of electrostatic particle prechargers were compared with respect to the collection efficiency of the system: (1) co-flow precharger, in which ionic current was generated co-currently with the gas conveying the particles, and (2) counter-flow precharger, in which ionic current was generated oppositely to the flowing gas. In each case, the electrodes of precharger were supplied with DC or AC high-voltage in order to compare the effect of discharge mode on the collection efficiency of two-stage electrostatic precipitator. The collection stage was formed by two parallel-plate electrodes connected to DC high voltage source. Plate electrodes without discharge points (spikes) are corona-free electrodes, which prevent the collection stage from electrical discharges, and reduce the probability of back discharge ignition. The back discharge decreases collection efficiency of conventional electrostatic precipitators.It was concluded that the co-flow electrode configuration of the precharger, supplied with DC high voltage, has the highest total number collection efficiency for PM2.5 particles, higher than 95% and the mass collection efficiency larger than 99%. The counter-flow precharger provided only about 90% number collection efficiency of two-stage electrostatic precipitator. It was also shown that by AC electrode excitation, the collection efficiency of the system is lower than for DC supply. The two-stage electrostatic precipitators allowed obtaining higher fractional collection efficiency for PM2.5 particles than other conventional systems and can be recommended as highly effective devices for gas cleaning in power plants or cement industry.