煤沥青筑路油受氢改质

研究了煤沥青在供氢剂（再生橡胶）的上,族组成随反应时间的变化规律及其受氢改质机理。利用核磁共振、元素分析、分子量测定等手段,计算得到了煤沥青、溶剂油以及改质筑路油等的平均结构参数。结果表明,与空白样对比,加入再生橡胶使得筑路油中沥青质含量由４５．０％增加到６１．５％,软沥青由２７．０％降低到１４．４％,不溶物由２８．０％降低至２４．１％,对比橡胶和筑路油族组成的＾１Ｈ～ＮＭＲ谱图可发现,在化学位移     

Capacitive Properties of the Binder‐Free Electrode Prepared from Carbon Derived from Cotton and Reduced Graphene Oxide

The binder‐free composite films of reduced graphene oxide (rGO ) and activated carbon derived from cotton (aCFC ) have been fabricated and used as electrodes for electrochemical capacitors (ECs ) to avoid the decrease of capacitive performance in traditional process caused by the additional binder. The optimal aCFC is prepared at 850 °C when the mass ratio of carbon and potassium hydroxide is 1 to 4. The optimal composite film prepared from the mass ratio of aCFC /GO =2/1 exhibits porous structure, and has a specific surface area of 849.6 m²•g⁻¹ and a total pore volume of 0.61 mL •g⁻¹. Based on the two‐electrode system testing in 6.0 mol/L KOH electrolyte, the optimal composite has specific capacitance of about 202 F•g⁻¹, 374 mF •cm⁻² and 116 F•cm⁻³ in terms of mass, area and volume, and shows excellent rate capability and good cyclic stability (91.7% retention of the initial capacitance after 5000 cycles). Furthermore, the assembled solid‐state ECs by using KOH /polyvinyl alcohol as electrolyte show good mechanical stability and capacitive performances after repeated bending cycles. It is proved that this method is effective to fabricate binder‐free electrodes for ECs and will open up a novel route for the reuse of waste cotton.     

Nitrogen-Rich Oxetanes Based on the Combination of Azides and Tetrazoles

Literature known energetic oxetane derivatives have a nitrogen content of up to 49.98 %. Through the introduction of azide and tetrazole functionalities attached to an oxetane ring, energetic oxetanes with higher nitrogen contents than previously reported in the literature were obtained. The newly synthesized oxetane derivatives were extensively characterized via ¹H NMR, ¹³C{¹H} NMR, ¹⁴N NMR, ¹⁵N NMR, ¹H-¹⁵N HMBC, FT-IR spectroscopy and/or DTA. Their crystal structures were elucidated using X-ray diffraction, their sensitivities towards impact, friction and electrostatic discharge were determined and their energetic properties were calculated using the EXPLO5 code.     

Novel Synthetic Strategy for the Production of Fully Bio-Based Binders Using 2,5-Diformylfuran

In this work, resol based binders were prepared with lignin, resorcinol and the bio-based aldehydic platform chemicals 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF). In preliminary studies, the solubility and stability of DFF in aqueous-alkaline conditions was investigated. Various binders were prepared to investigate the influence of the HMF-DFF ratio and the influence of the aldehyde concentration on the molar mass, rheological properties and curing characteristics of the final binders. It is shown that significantly higher molecular weights and viscosities are obtained by using DFF instead of HMF. The properties of the final binder could also be affected by the precise choice of DFF concentration, as this resulted in higher levels of crosslinking. This work offers a novel type of fully bio-based binder that consists of non-toxic components and is therefore less hazardous than some conventional binders.     

ZrO2薄膜的改性与抗激光损伤研究

 采用水热合成技术，制备了ZrO₂胶体，用旋涂法镀制了单层ZrO₂介质膜以及添加了有机粘合剂PVP的复合ZrO₂-PVP薄膜。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、椭偏仪、红外分光光度计（FTIR）、原子力显微镜（AFM）等仪器对干凝胶及薄膜进行了性能测试和表征，并用输出波长为1.064 μm、脉宽为10 ns的电光调Q激光系统产生的强激光测试其激光损伤阈值。测得ZrO₂和ZrO₂-PVP薄膜在300 ℃热处理60 min后的激光损伤阈值分别为24.5 J/cm²和37.8 J/cm²。研究表明：添加有机粘合剂后的复合薄膜具有平整的表面结构；有机粘合剂的添加有助于提高薄膜的折射率和激光损伤阈值，其中，ZrO₂-PVP 复合薄膜的折射率可高达1.75，激光损伤阈值达到37.8 J/cm²，比ZrO₂单层膜的激光损伤阈值提高50%。     

掺杂烧结金刚石聚晶致密化试验

 实验表明，钛、硅－硼结合剂比镍、硅－硼结合剂聚晶致密化程度高，细粒度金刚石比粗粒度金刚石聚晶德致密化程度高。而且，钛、硅－硼结合剂和细粒度金刚石聚晶的耐磨性亦好。     

低密度聚乙烯光引发交联机理Ⅲ.模型化合物n-C24H50的13C NMR研究

用溶液高分辨¹³C NMR谱首次研究了由二苯甲酮(BP)光引发低密度聚乙烯模型化合物直链烷烃n-C₂₄H₅₀交联所产生的H型交联点的结构特征.现已检测和鉴定了光交联样品中与H型交联点相联系的-CH,α-CH₂和β-CH₂上碳的共振谱线,其数据与H型交联点模型化合物、γ-辐射交联正烷烃和聚乙烯所得到的结果符合得很好.在40.83ppm处出现的一个新峰可指认为H型文联点的次甲碳,其相应的31.57和28.37ppm处的另外两个新峰分别指认为相邻的α-CH₂和β-CH₂上碳的共振.本工作中的定量研究表明:在真空和熔融态条件下莱外光照3-5min的样品中H型交联点的数目据估计为每10000个碳原子8.5~11.0个.     

The study of Ni–Co alloy deposition on iron powder particles in a fluidized bed from sulphate bath

This paper describes a process of electrolytic deposition of nickel–cobalt (Ni–Co) binary alloy on Fe powder. Electrochemical behavior of this binary alloy was studied by cyclic voltammetry with a paraffin impregnated graphite electrode as a working electrode. Deposition of individual metals (Ni, Co), as well as the simultaneous nickel–cobalt co-deposition, was performed in aqueous solutions (Watts-type electrolyte) both with and without Fe powder. Special attention was paid to the influence of suspension density on the electrode process. This density affects on the quality of iron powder electroplating. Preferential deposition of the less noble metal (Co) leading to its higher content in the deposit was observed in contrast to the more noble one (Ni) in spite of higher content of Ni in the plating solution. This anomalous phenomenon–known already for other metals (Zn, Cd, Sn)–has been confirmed and investigated for iron-group metals (Fe, Co, Ni) in this work. Electrolytic deposition of Ni–Co binary alloys, including anomalous behavior is a complicated process. Understanding the anomalous behavior would lead to better control of the deposition process and to explanation of the mechanism of Ni–Co co-deposition.     

Sol-Gel Derived Binder for Inorganic Composites

A new low cost inorganic binder system for large volume products like fiber insulation, building materials, etc. has been developed based on sol-gel technology. The precursor for the binder system is an amorphous mineral raw material containing silica as the major component. The sol was prepared by dissolving the amorphous mineral material in formic acid and the mineral was dissolved in a few hours dependent on the molarity of the formic acid. The sol stability was dependent on the solids content and the pH. The gel formation was studied using light scattering and NMR. The results show a growing particle size of particles mainly consisting of silica while the other cations were dissolved in the pore liquid. During the drying of the wet gels, salts of these cations were crystallized in the pores and further decomposed during heating. The derived binder shows good wetting properties to mineral fiber surfaces and a good strength of paper-binder composites. The new binder system applicable to approximately 800°C has a great potential as a substitute for some traditional organic systems.     

Cutting of aramide fiber-reinforced plastics by Co2 laser

Comparative characteristics of aramide fiber reinforced plastics (AFRP) made by laser cutting or machining are presented. It is found that the strength of the specimens cut out by laser is 4–25% higher, while the moisture absorption is at least 2 times lower as compared to those cut out by machining. The deviation of the cutting edge size for AFRP 2 mm thick does not exceed 0.4 mm. Calculated and experimental data are given. The possibilities and conditions of cutting the AFRP up to 6 mm thick are determined.Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 375–384, May–June, 1999.