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251.
We show that for any optimal solution
for a given separable quadratic integer programming problem there exist an optimal solution
for its continuous relaxation such that
wheren is the number of variables and(A) is the largest absolute subdeterminant of the integer constraint matrixA. Also for any feasible solutionz, which is not optimal for the separable quadratic integer programming problem, there exists a feasible solution
having greater objective function value and with
. We further prove, under some additional assumptions, that the distance between a pair of optimal solutions to an integer quadratic programming problem with right hand side vectorsb andb, respectively, depends linearly on b–b1. Finally the validity of all the results for nonseparable mixed-integer quadratic programs is established. The proximity results obtained in this paper are extensions of some of the results described in Cook et al. (1986) for linear integer programming.This research was partially supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Grant 5-83998. 相似文献
252.
A new procedure for the simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of Zn(II) and Ni(II) with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol as chromogenic reagent has been developed. It is based on resolution of the mixed spectrum over the wavelength range 530–590 nm by applying a least-squares fitting program to standard spectra from each component. The spectra are recorded at an apparent pH of 5.0, provided by an acetate buffer in a mixed 6040 v/v 2-ethoxyethanol/water medium. The relative standard deviations for determination of 13.7 g of Ni and 31.0 g of Zn were 1.9 and 1.0%, respectively (8 replications). The method has been applied to the analysis of iron surfaces coated with a Zn-Ni alloy. The results are compared with those obtained by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry. 相似文献
253.
254.
255.
T. S. Martins J. R. Matos G. Vicentini P. C. Isolani 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2005,82(1):77-82
Summary Rare earth picrate (RE) complexes with L-lysine (Lys) were synthesized and characterized. Elemental analysis (CHN), EDTA titrations and thermogravimetry data suggest
a general formula RE(pic)3·2Lys·2H2O, where RE=La-Lu (without Pm) and Y, pic=picrate). IR spectra suggest that Lys is coordinated to the central ion through the nitrogen of the α-amino group. Parameters
obtained from the absorption spectrum of the Nd compound indicated that the metal-ligand bonds are essentially electrostatic.
Emission spectrum and biexponential behavior of the luminescence decay of the Eu compound suggest the existence of polymeric
species. Thermogravimetric/derivative thermogravimetric (TG/DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curves of all
complexes are very similar, with five events. The final products are the corresponding rare earth oxides and their X-ray diffraction
patterns are identical to the calcinated oxides.</o:p> 相似文献
256.
257.
A routine method for the determination of chloride, nitrate and sulfate anions in rainwater by capillary electrophoresis was developed. The system uses an end-column non-suppressed conductivity detector. Linear calibration plots were generated from 0.050 to 20 mg/l, which is the range generally found in wet depositions. Accuracy and precision were evaluated by analyzing certified standards of simulated rainwater and environmental samples, or by comparing CE results with those obtained by IC, the reference technique for anion analysis in wet deposition. The reproducibility of the method was satisfactory except at the lower and upper limits of the analytical range. Sensitivity lay in the range of few μg/l. 相似文献
258.
合成丙交酯中微量水分分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
合成丙交酯中微量水分分析徐溢,柳胜春(重庆大学化工学院分析教研室630044)关键词丙交酯,微量水,定量分析丙交酯是人工合成骨材料聚乳酸的合成中间体,其性能决定着合成产品的品质,要获得高质量的合成材料,对中间体的分析和监测十分重要。一般要求丙交酯中间... 相似文献
259.
An expert sequential injection system involving a prior assay is proposed for spectrophotometric determination of phosphate and eventually zinc in soil extracts. The result of phosphate determination is the basis for a concentration-oriented decision regarding to the need or not for zinc determination. Zinc was only determined if a threshold value (peak height corresponding to 5.0 mg l−1 P) was surpassed. The methods involved formation of molybdenum blue and the Rhodamine 6G/ammonium thiocyanate/Zn2+ ternary complex. Variations in the threshold value were < 2% during 4 h operating periods, false responses were not verified, and the analytical time was reduced in about 30%. Precise results (R.S.D. <3% P and < 1% Zn) in agreement with spectrophotometry and flame atomic absorption spectrometry were obtained. The innovation permits faster information processing, as well as a reduction in the number of measurements, number of analytical steps, laboratorial time, and consumption of sample and reagents, thus waste generation. 相似文献
260.
Jörg Teichgräber 《Journal of organometallic chemistry》2005,690(23):5255-5263
The synthesis, characterization, and thermal decomposition behavior of dicopper(I) oxalato complexes L4Cu2(C2O4) (L = CNtBu (2a), CNCMe2CH2tBu (2b), CNC6H3Me2-2,6 (2c)) is reported. 2c can be prepared in a straightforward manner by the reaction of stoichiometric amounts of Cu2O and oxalic acid with four equivalents of CNC6H3Me2-2,6, while those complexes with aliphatic isocyanides are better prepared from a copper(I) oxalato complex with alkine capping ligands (Me3SiCCSiMe3)2Cu2(C2O4) (1) via ligand exchange. Crystallographic and spectroscopic evidence for 2a-c confirms the anticipated dinuclear structure with the oxalate in a μ-1,2,3,4 bridging mode and an essentially σ-character of the terminal isocyanides. In solid form the complexes are stable at room temperature and can be handled in air for some time. Their decomposition was studied by thermal gravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry, and the degradation pathway was shown to depend on the type of isocyanide capping ligand. Decomposition of 2a,b takes place between 150 and 200 °C to give CuCN in a clean process that involves isobutene elimination from the terminal ligands, with elimination of (CN)2 and conversion to elemental copper at higher temperatures. Heating of 2c leads to CuO (and then to Cu2O) via release of the intact isocyanide, CO2, and CO in a well-behaved thermal process around 200-280 °C. 相似文献