A Grafting Study on Partially Dehydrochlorinated Poly(vinyl chloride) by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

HCl elimination in low ratio was first carried out from poly(vinyl chloride) to increase allylic chlorines. Partially dehydrochlorinated poly(vinyl chloride), having a macroinitiator effect, was grafted with tert‐butyl methacrylate via atom transfer radical polymerization in the presence of CuBr/2,2′‐bipyridine at 64°C in tetrahydrofuran. Original poly(vinyl chloride) was also grafted with tert‐butyl methacrylate under the same conditions to compare with that of partially dehydrochlorinated poly(vinyl chloride). The graft copolymers were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, ¹H and ¹³C‐NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Thermal stabilities of the graft copolymers were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis as compared with those of the macroinitiators.     

Potentiometric determination of mefenamic acid in pharmaceutical formulation by membrane sensor based on ion-pair with basic dye

The characteristics,performance and application of membrane sensors based on ion-pair Brilliant Green mefenamate are described.The sensor’s response to the mefenamate ion has the sensitivity of （86.0±2.0） mV/pC over the range of 9×10^-5-1×10^-2moI/Land the detection limit of 4.5×10^-5mol/L at pH 8.5-12.The sensor is easily assembled at a relatively low cost and has fast response time（5-10 s）.The proposed sensor displayed good selectivity for mefenamate ion in the presence of different substances.It was used to determine mefenamic acid in pharmaceuticals.     

超声波辅助萃取同位素稀释质谱法测定聚氯乙烯中6种邻苯二甲酸酯

采用超声波辅助萃取同位素稀释质谱法测定聚氯乙烯中6种邻苯二甲酸酯的含量。以四氢呋喃为溶剂对样品进行超声波辅助提取后,加入甲醇对聚合物进行沉淀,取上清液,经冷冻离心后进行气相色谱一质谱分析,并采用氘代邻苯二甲酸酯为内标,单点校正法定量。该方法应用于中、日、韩计量比对的样品测定中,两天进行的6次测定结果相对标准偏差为0．7％～3．0％。最终比对结果显示3个国家的数据取得很好的一致性,除DEP相对标准偏差为2．4％以外,其它5种邻苯二甲酸酯相对标准偏差为0．7％～1．2％,测定结果的相对扩展不确定度为1．8％～4．9％,证明该方法准确、可靠。     

Multiphase Flow Regime Characterization and Liquid Flow Measurement Using Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Multiphase flow metering with operationally robust, low-cost real-time systems that provide accuracy across a broad range of produced volumes and fluid properties, is a requirement across a range of process industries, particularly those concerning petroleum. Especially the wide variety of multiphase flow profiles that can be encountered in the field provides challenges in terms of metering accuracy. Recently, low-field magnetic resonance (MR) measurement technology has been introduced as a feasible solution for the petroleum industry. In this work, we study two phase air-water horizontal flows using MR technology. We show that low-field MR technology applied to multiphase flow has the capability to measure the instantaneous liquid holdup and liquid flow velocity using a constant gradient low flip angle CPMG (LFA-CPMG) pulse sequence. LFA-CPMG allows representative sampling of the correlations between liquid holdup and liquid flow velocity, which allows multiphase flow profiles to be characterized. Flow measurements based on this method allow liquid flow rate determination with an accuracy that is independent of the multiphase flow profile observed in horizontal pipe flow for a wide dynamic range in terms of the average gas and liquid flow rates.     

Fabrication and Performance of a Low Operating Pressure Nanofiltration Poly（vinyl chloride） Hollow Fiber Membrane

A low operating pressure nanofiltration membrane is prepared by interfacial polymerization between m-phenylenediamine(MPDA) and trimesoyl chloride(TMC) using PVC hollow fiber membrane as supporting.A series of PVC nanofiltration membranes with different molecular weight cutoff(MWCO) can be obtained by controlling preparation conditions.Chemical and morphological characterization of the membrane surface was carried out by FTIR-ATR and SEM.MWCO was characterized by filtration experiments.The preparation conditions were investigated in detail.At the optimized conditions(40 min air-dried time,aqueous phase containing 0.5% MPDA,0.05% SDS and 0.6% acid absorbent,oil phase containing 0.3% TMC,and 1 min reaction time),under 0.3 MPa,water flux of the gained nanofiltration membrane reaches 17.8 L/m2·h,and the rejection rates of methyl orange and MgSO4 are more than 90% and 60%,respectively.     

脉动热管的毛细管结构和尺度效应实验研究

脉动热管的毛细管结构变化如何影响其性能是研究者关注的问题.本文对毛细管截面为正方形和正三角形,水力直径范围为1 mm左右的回路型脉动热管的传热性能进行了实验研究.结果表明,角管脉动热管的倾角变化时,底加热明显优于顶加热;三角形截面脉动热管的热阻比正方形截面脉动热管的热阻更低.脉动热管在水力直径为1.5 mm时比1mm时的性能要好.实验研究为理论分析打下了基础.     

低温预冷换热规律及表面改性影响研究

调研了低温管路预冷及两相换热的研究现状,阐述了低温预冷瞬态换热特性;介绍了金属表面改性对预冷规律的影响,仿真了低导热涂层管的预冷换热规律.研究发现:液氮预冷主要由膜态沸腾支配,且预冷耗时较长;液氢预冷未见膜态沸腾,预冷耗时更短.促进膜态沸腾向过渡沸腾的更早转化有利于预冷加速,且转化温度迁移可通过内壁表面结构改性实现,可...     

Numerical analysis of swirling turbulent droplet-laden flow and heat transfer in a sudden pipe expansion

The effect of swirling intensity on the structure and heat transfer of a turbulent gas–droplet flow after a sudden pipe expansion has been numerically simulated. Air is used as the carrier phase, and water, ethanol, and acetone are used as the dispersed phase. The Eulerian approach is applied to simulate the dynamics and heat transfer in the dispersed phase. The gas phase is described by a system of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, taking into account the effect of droplets on mean transport and turbulent characteristics in the carrier phase. Gas phase turbulence is predicted using the second-moment closure. A swirling droplet-laden flow is characterized by an increase in the number of small particles on the pipe axis due to their accumulation in the zone of flow recirculation and the action of the turbulent migration (turbophoresis) force. A rapid dispersion of fine droplets over the pipe cross-section is observed without swirling. With an increase in swirling intensity, a significant reduction in the length of the separation region occurs. The swirling of a two-phase flow with liquid droplets leads to an increase in the level of turbulence for all three types of liquid droplets investigated in this work due to their intensive evaporation. It is shown that the addition of droplets leads to a significant increase in heat transfer in comparison with a single-phase swirling flow. The greatest effect of flow swirling on heat transfer intensification in a two-phase gas-droplet flow is obtained for the droplets of ethanol and water and smallest effect is for the acetone droplets.     

Nonlinear dynamics of imperfectly-supported pipes conveying fluid

In this paper, the nonlinear dynamics of a pipe imperfectly supported at the upstream end and free at the other and conveying fluid is investigated. The imperfect support is modelled via cubic translational and rotational springs. The equation of motion is obtained via Hamilton’s principle for an open system, and the Galerkin method is used for discretizing the resulting partial differential equation. The dynamics of a system with either strong rotational or strong translational stiffness is examined in details. Numerical results show that similarly to a cantilevered pipe, the system undergoes a supercritical Hopf bifurcation leading to period-1 limit cycle oscillations. The Hopf bifurcation may, however, occur at a much lower flow velocity compared to the perfect system. At higher flow velocities, quasi-periodic and chaotic-like motions may be observed. The amplitude of transverse displacement is generally much higher than that for a cantilevered pipe, mainly due to large-amplitude rigid-body motion. In addition, effects of the mass ratio, internal dissipation, hardening- or softening-type nonlinearity, as well as concentrated- or distributed-type nonlinearity on the dynamics of the system are examined.     

不同管径聚乙烯管的旋转挤出

通过口模旋转挤出制备3种管径聚乙烯(PE)管,系统研究其结构与性能。结果表明,相较于传统挤出PE管内串晶平行与轴向,旋转挤出过程中聚合物熔体的流动是轴向牵引流动和环向拖曳流动的叠加,其方向偏离轴向,可诱导串晶偏离轴向排列,从而提高PE管的环向取向度,实现PE管的环向增强,抑制裂纹在PE管内沿轴向扩展。随PE管管径的增加,在相同旋转角速度下环向流动线速度增大,串晶偏离轴向的夹角增加,环向取向度更高,因而旋转挤出制备的大口径PE管具有更优的性能。