相对论速调管放大器杂模振荡的抑制

研究了相对论速调管放大器（RKA）输入腔和中间腔之间的高阶杂模振荡问题。通过模式分析得知杂模在谐振腔内为TM11模式,而在漂移管中表现为TE11模式,针对该模式能在漂移管中传输的特性,利用漂移管内壁涂覆吸波材料吸收杂模功率的方法进行抑制。通过3维粒子模拟程序,分析了吸波材料的电导率及涂覆长度对抑制杂模增长率的影响。利用模拟分析得到的结果,对漂移管中涂覆吸波材料的RKA输入腔及中间腔结构进行了3维模拟研究,结果显示:合适的吸波材料的引入能够很好地抑制RKA输入腔和中间腔之间的杂模振荡。     

Conversion efficiency enhanced photovoltaic device with nanohole arrays in antireflection coating layer

In this paper, the authors introduce an enhanced photovoltaic device with nanohole arrays only in its antireflection coating. These nanoholes can improve light trapping efficiency as well as photoelectric conversion efficiency of the device. The authors analyze the light absorption of the devices with nanohole arrays by Finite-Difference Time Domain method and calculate the photoelectric conversion efficiency. The results show that the nanohole arrays can improve the light trapping more efficiently than the Si₃N₄ antireflection coating, especially, in 400-600 nm spectral range. Nanohole arrays with different characteristic parameters were fabricated in the antireflection coating layer of a Φ200 μm Si detector by using focused-ion beam system. With the optimized nanohole arrays, the enhancements factor of the experimental sample's photoelectric conversion efficiency is ~ 16% within the 400-600 nm spectral range and ~ 10% within the 400-1100 nm spectral range.     

Preparation of a novel Ni/Co-based alloy gradient coating on surface of the crystallizer copper alloy by laser

A high wear-resistant gradient coating made of Ni/Co-based alloys on the surface of a Cu alloy substrate was synthesized using a YAG laser induced in situ reaction method. The coating consists of three layers: the first is a Ni-based alloy layer, the second and third are Co-based alloy layers. The microhardness increases gradually from 98 HV in the Cu alloy substrate to the highest level of 876 HV in the third layer. The main phase of the Co-based alloy layer is CoCr₂(Ni,O)₄, coexisting with the Fe₁₃Mo₂B₅, Cr(Co(Mo, and FeCr_0.29Ni_0.16C_0.06 phases. Wear tests indicate that the gradient coating has good bond strength and wear properties with a wear coefficient of 0.31 (0.50 for the Cu alloy substrate). Also, the wear loss of the coating is only 0.01 g after it has been abraded for 60 min, which is only one fifth of that of the Cu alloy of the crystallizer. Wear tests of the gradient coating reveal good adhesive friction and wear properties when sliding against steel under dry conditions. This novel technique may have good application to make an advanced coating on the surface of the Cu alloy crystallizer in a continuous casting process.     

Extraction of important electrical parameters of CuO

Conductivity, X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical absorption and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements of CuO thin film were presented. Three distinct electrical conduction contributions with discrete characteristic activation energies were observed. The applicability of various theoretical models was considered to explain results on electrical transport. We extracted important electrical parameters of CuO, which might be useful for its gas sensor applications.     

The effect of functionalization on structure and electrical conductivity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Nanosized powders of Ti-Nb oxide core-shell nanocrystals with atomic ratios of Nb/Ti = 0.11, 0.25, and 0.38 have been prepared by two preparation routes. The first route was co-precipitation, followed by␣annealing, using NbCl₅ as a source of Nb. The second route was coating of pure TiO₂ nanocrystals by Nb-isopropoxide in liquid medium, followed by impregnation of the Nb into the nanoparticles by annealing. Both methods yielded anatase nanocrystals with a Nb-rich shell and a core, which had much lower Nb loadings. The anatase structure solid solution (with Nb incorporated) was stable under annealing up to 760°C. The particle size remained within the nanometric scale (<50 nm) under heat-treatment up to 760°C. It has been shown that the fabricated powders can be redispersed in aqueous media by simple ultrasound treatment, resulting in nanosized dispersions. Using a variety of analytical techniques, including depth profiling of single nanocrystallites by AES combined with sputtering by Ar ions, the mechanism of the core-shell structure creation was studied. It is proposed that the formation of the core-shell structure is governed by solubility limitations in the co-precipitation route and by solubility and diffusion limitations in the coating-incorporation route.     

光学薄膜诱导偏振像差对大数值孔径光学系统聚焦特性的影响

大数值孔径光学系统表面光线的入射角较大, 会导致薄膜的偏振分离, 诱发偏振像差, 影响光学系统的聚焦特性. 本文利用矢量光衍射理论, 建立了光学薄膜各参量与光学系统聚焦光场的模型. 利用该模型分析了线偏振光入射时, 光学薄膜对光学系统聚焦光斑的扰动. 在此基础上, 探讨了应用了不同约束条件下得到的光学薄膜对最终聚焦光场的影响, 确定了减小薄膜扰动光学系统光斑的设计方法, 即额外添加透射率差和位相差的约束条件, 并且适当增加位相差约束的权重. 利用该方法优化设计的薄膜, 相比于普通减反膜而言, 对系统聚焦光场中心强度的提升可达约12.5%.     

Structural,Optical and Electrochromic Properties of WO_3 Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Spray Pyrolysis Versus Spin Coating Technique

In this study, Tungsten Oxide (WO₃) thin films were prepared by Chemical Spray Pyrolysis (CSP) and Spin Coating (SC) techniques and it was investigated effects of technique and parameter on the films. WO₃ thin films were deposited on ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) coated glasses. The structural, optical and electrochromic properties of the WO₃ thin films were characterized by XRD, SEM, UV, and CV measurements. The sharpest (200) peak was observed in the XRD spectra and optical band gaps were calculated around 2.6～3.1 eV via UV-Vis spectra for all of the samples. Micro fibrous reticulated surface (filamentous like) morphology for the films deposited by CSP technique and smooth surface morphology with high optical transmittance for the film deposited by SC Technique were obtained from SEM images. In addition to these results, it was revealed that all the samples exhibit good electrochromic performance.     

AlN/Al dual protective coatings on NdFeB by DC magnetron sputtering

AlN/Al dual protective coatings were prepared on NdFeB by DC magnetron sputtering in a home-made industrial apparatus. Comparing with Al coating, AlN/Al coatings have a denser structure of an outmost AlN amorphous layer following an inner Al columnar crystal layer. The coatings and NdFeB substrate combine well, and moreover, there is occurrence of metallurgy bonding in the interface layer. Both Al and AlN/Al coatings have a good protective ability to NdFeB. Especially, the corrosion resistance of AlN/Al coated NdFeB is improved largely. AlN/Al and Al protective coatings not only do not deteriorate the magnetic properties of NdFeB, but contribute to their slight increase.     

Silica‐Coating of Hematite Nanoparticles Using Reactive Water‐Soluble Polyalkoxysiloxanes

In this article, we report on a new one‐step synthetic route to obtain multi‐functional silica‐coated hematite particles using a water‐based surfactant‐free technology. The synthesis and properties of uniform silica‐coated hematite particles with adjustable size, morphology, and silica shell thickness are discussed in detail. The developed method allows simultaneous formation of the silica shell around hematite core and incorporation of reactive groups on the surface of core–shell nanoparticles. Vinyl groups are introduced to the silica surface at once by pre‐functionalization of a water‐soluble hyperbranched polyalkoxysiloxanes with active double bonds. The reactivity of these surface‐immobilized vinyl groups is demonstrated by covalent attachment of rhodamine B using a thiol‐en click reaction.     

Modeling emissivity of low-emissivity coating containing horizontally oriented metallic flake particles

The scattering and absorption cross sections of horizontally oriented metallic flake particles are estimated by extended geometric optics that includes diffraction and edge effects. Emissivity of the coating containing those particles is calculated using Kubelka–Munk theory. The dependence of emissivity of the coating on the radius, thickness, content of metallic flake particles and coating thickness is discussed. Finally, theoretical results are compared with the experimental measurements with Al/acrylic resin coating system and the results show that simulation values are in good agreement with experimental ones.