基于土壤光谱库和光谱相异度的局部模型构建

掌握土壤在空间和时间上的表征至关重要.土壤可见-近红外(Vis-NIR)光谱可以估算土壤有机碳(SOC)等属性,与传统的实验室理化分析相比,光谱技术能有效实现土壤信息的快速获取.土壤光谱库为建立经验模型提供了大量具有丰富变异性和多样性的样本作数据基础.但受限于库中土壤样本的异质性和模型的适应性,通常区域或局部尺度模型的...     

PLSR模型的回归效果分析

本文简单地介绍了多元线性回归、主元回归、部分最小二乘回归模型 ,用实例对三种方法的回归性能进行比较 ,并指出在消除多重共线性、回归系数估计精度及预测精度等方面 ,部分最小二乘回归模型优于其它两种模型     

Determination of Active Components in a Natural Herb with Near Infrared Spectroscopy Based on Artificial Neural Networks

The non-linear relationships between the contents of ginsenoside Rg1, Rb2, Rd and Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS) in Panax notoginseng root herb and the near infrared(NIR) diffuse reflectance spectra of the herb were established by means of artificial neural networks(ANNs). Four three-layered perception feed-for-ward networks were trained with an error back-propagation algorithm. The significant principal components of the NIR spectral data matrix were utilized as the input of the networks. The networks architecture and parameters were selected so as to offer less prediction errors. Relative prediction errors for Rg1, Rb1, Rd and PNS obtained with the optimum ANN models were 8.99%, 6.54%, 8.29%, and 5.17%, respectively, which were superior to those obtained with PLSR methods. It is verified that ANN is a suitable approach to model this complex non-linearity. The developed method is fast, non-destructive and accurate and it provides a new efficient approach for determining the active components in the complex system of natural herbs.     

Discrimination of Genetically Very Close Accessions of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)

The correct recognition of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) variety accessions at the nursery stage of growth is a challenge for the productive sector as they do not show any difference in phenotype traits. Furthermore, there is no DNA marker able to distinguish orange accessions within a variety due to their narrow genetic trace. As different combinations of canopy and rootstock affect the uptake of elements from soil, each accession features a typical elemental concentration in the leaves. Thus, the main aim of this work was to analyze two sets of ten different accessions of very close genetic characters of three varieties of fresh citrus leaves at the nursery stage of growth by measuring the differences in elemental concentration by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The accessions were discriminated by both principal component analysis (PCA) and a classifier based on the combination of classification via regression (CVR) and partial least square regression (PLSR) models, which used the elemental concentrations measured by LIBS as input data. A correct classification of 95.1% and 80.96% was achieved, respectively, for set 1 and set 2. These results showed that LIBS is a valuable technique to discriminate among citrus accessions, which can be applied in the productive sector as an excellent cost–benefit tool in citrus breeding programs.     

ROSA—a fast extension of partial least squares regression for multiblock data analysis

We present the response‐oriented sequential alternation (ROSA) method for multiblock data analysis. ROSA is a novel and transparent multiblock extension of the partial least squares regression (PLSR). According to a “winner takes all” approach, each component of the model is calculated from the block of predictors that most reduces the current residual error. The suggested algorithm is computationally fast compared with other multiblock methods because orthogonal scores and loading weights are calculated without deflation of the predictor blocks. Therefore, it can work effectively even with a large number of blocks included. The ROSA method is invariant to block scaling and ordering. The ROSA model has the same attributes (vectors of scores, loadings, and loading weights) as PLSR and is identical to PLSR modeling for the case with only one block of predictors.     

基于野外Vis-NIR光谱的土壤有机质预测与制图

利用野外实时快速获取的土壤光谱进行土壤有机质(SOM)预测与制图是精确农业与土壤遥感制图的必然需要,利用ASD FieldSpec Pro FR野外型光谱仪实时快速获取的光谱数据,去除噪声较大的边缘波段后,进行倒数的对数转换(Log(1/R))为吸收光谱。在分析吸收光谱和光谱指数与SOM关系的基础上,采用偏最小二乘回归法进行SOM的建模预测并借助地统计学方法进行SOM空间变异制图研究。结果表明,建模效果好的指标分别为特征波段(R2=0.91,RPD=3.28),归一化光谱指数(R2=0.90,RPD=3.08),特征波段与3个光谱指数组合(R2=0.87,RPD=2.67),全波段(R2=0.95,RPD=4.36)。光谱指标的克里格制图与实测SOM制图表现出相同的空间变异趋势,不同的指标均达到了较好的预测效果。     

去除土壤水分对高光谱估算土壤有机质含量的影响

土壤高光谱技术具有方便快捷、无破坏、成本低等优点,已被广泛应用于估算土壤有机质含量(SOMC)。然而,野外测量的土壤高光谱数据因受外部环境因素(土壤湿度、温度、表面粗糙度等)干扰,导致SOMC估算模型适用性有待提升。土壤含水率(SMC)是影响野外测量高光谱的最主要的障碍因素之一,它的变化严重影响可见-近红外(Vis-NIR)光谱反射率的观测结果。因此,消除SMC对高光谱数据的干扰是提高土壤高光谱估算SOMC模型预测精度的关键环节。以江汉平原潜江市潮土样本为研究对象,在室内人工加湿土样,分别获取6个SMC水平的土壤高光谱数据,采用标准正态变换(SNV)对光谱数据进行预处理,基于外部参数正交化法(EPO)去除土壤水分对高光谱的影响,利用偏最小二乘方法(PLSR)建立并对比EPO处理前、后不同SMC水平SOMC反演模型。结果表明,土壤水分对Vis-NIR光谱反射率有显著的影响,掩盖了SOMC的光谱吸收特征;EPO处理前不同SMC水平的光谱曲线之间的差异较为明显,而EPO处理后的各SMC水平的光谱曲线形态基本相似;采用EPO处理后的土壤高光谱数据建立SOMC估算模型,预测集的R2_p,RPD分别为0.84和2.50,其精度与EPO处理前所建模型相比有较大提升,表明EPO算法可以有效去除土壤水分的影响,从而提升SOMC的估算精度。对定向去除外部环境参数对土壤高光谱影响进行了实证,为完善野外原位获取SOMC信息技术提供理论基础。     

基于多变量统计分析的冬小麦长势高光谱估算研究

利用高光谱分析技术实现冬小麦长势的准确、无损监测具有重要的实践意义。基于连续两年的氮素运筹试验,通过获取叶面积指数(LAI)、地上干生物量(AGDB)、地上鲜生物量(AGFB)、植株含水量(PWC)、叶绿素密度(CH.D)和氮素积累量(ANC)六个冬小麦长势指标及冬小麦冠层高光谱,引入主成分分析法(PCA)构建可表征冬小麦长势的综合长势指标(CGI),并结合偏最小二乘回归法(PLSR)构建CGI的高光谱估测模型。结果表明,除植株含水量外,其他长势指标与所构建的CGI都达到极显著水平,表明利用CGI可以表征各长势指标信息。对比CGI和其他各长势指标的PLSR模型表现可知,CGI光谱监测模型表现最优(R2=0.802,RMSE=1.268,RPD=2.015),也具有较高的预测精度和稳健度(R2=0.672,RMSE=1.732,RPD=1.489)。表明基于PCA方法所构建的CGI可以表征冬小麦长势,利用PLSR方法可以实现对冬小麦长势的准确监测,且监测效果要优于单一的冬小麦长势指标。     

湿地土壤硝化微生物群落的高光谱研究

氮循环是土壤生态系统元素循环的重要过程,其中硝化作用对于土壤氮循环有重要影响。硝化作用的主要完成者是硝化微生物群落,土壤微生物是湿地生态系统的重要组成部分,其可以指示湿地生态环境变化,对正确认识湿地生态系统氮循环和湿地污染净化功能具有重要意义。尝试从高光谱遥感技术角度,基于土壤氮素光谱监测机理,探索湿地土壤硝化微生物群落高光谱估算技术,进而为估测其时空分布状况提供新技术途径。研究对硝化作用中两个独立阶段的主要完成者氨氧化细菌和亚硝酸氧化细菌,采用最大可能数法分别计数,并以两者计数测量结果的合计,作为各采样区域土壤硝化微生物的数量值。采用光谱倒数的对数(LR)、光谱一阶微分(FD)、光谱二阶微分(SD)、包络线去除(CR)和光谱波段深度(BD)光谱变换技术,以及基于再抽样(bootstrap)技术的多元逐步回归(SMLR)和偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)建模方法,构建湿地土壤硝化微生物数量和全氮含量估算模型。研究结果表明：在采用bootstrap SMLR建模方法时,湿地土壤硝化微生物数量和全氮含量的估算波段位置存在一定的相似性(尤其对于原光谱实测数据R和SD光谱);对于湿地土壤硝化微生物数量和全氮含量的估算,bootstrap PLSR相比于bootstrap SMLR建模方法,具有较高的估算精度;对湿地土壤硝化微生物数量的估算,最高估算精度产生于SD光谱变换技术结合bootstrap PLSR建模;对湿地土壤全氮含量的估算,最高估算精度产生于CR光谱变换技术结合bootstrap PLSR建模。