Electrocatalytic Reduction of H2O2 and Oxygen on the Surface of Thionin Incorporated onto MWCNTs Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode: Application to Glucose Detection

A new H₂O₂ enzymeless sensor has been fabricated by incorporation of thionin onto multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modified glassy carbon electrode. First 50 μL of acetone solution containing dispersed MWCNTs was pipetted onto the surface of GC electrode, then, after solvent evaporations, the MWCNTs modified GC electrode was immersed into an aqueous solution of thionin (electroless deposition) for a short period of time <5–50 s. The adsorbed thin film of thionin was found to facilitate the reduction of hydrogen peroxide in the absence of peroxidase enzyme. Also the modified electrode shows excellent catalytic activity for oxygen reduction at reduced overpotential. The rotating modified electrode shows excellent analytical performance for amperometric determination of hydrogen peroxide, at reduced overpotentials. Typical calibration at ?0.3 V vs. reference electrode, Ag/AgCl/3 M KCl, shows a detection limit of 0.38 μM, a sensitivity of 11.5 nA/μM and a liner range from 20 μM to 3.0 mM of hydrogen peroxide. The glucose biosensor was fabricated by covering a thin film of sol–gel composite containing glucose oxides on the surface of thionin/MWCNTs modified GC electrode. The biosensor can be used successfully for selective detection of glucose based on the decreasing of cathodic peak current of oxygen. The detection limit, sensitivity and liner calibration rang were 1 μM, 18.3 μA/mM and 10 μM–6.0 mM, respectively. In addition biosensor can reach 90% of steady currents in about 3.0 s and interference effect of the electroactive existing species (ascorbic acid–uric acid and acetaminophen) is eliminated. The usefulness of biosensor for direct glucose quantification in human blood serum matrix is also discussed. This sensor can be used as an amperometric detector for monitoring oxidase based biosensors.     

纳米晶FeCuNbMSiB（M＝Nb，V，Mo）合金的微结构及其电阻率与压力的关系

 X射线衍射和透射电镜的结果表明：非晶FeCuNbMSiB（M＝Nb，V，Mo）合金在540 ℃退火20 min，表面析出的纳米晶是α-FeSi固溶体，粒度为10~20 nm。此外，在0.000 1~2.4 GPa范围内测量了它们的常压室温电阻率以及电阻率随静水压的变化，得到了电阻率与压力的线性关系式。最后探讨了热处理方式和温度对非晶Fe_73.1Cu_1.2Nb_3.2Si_12.5B₁₀合金退火形成纳米晶的影响。     

高压下MgO的热弹性研究

利用第一原理平面波赝势方法和广义梯度近似研究了广泛温度和压强范围内MgO的热弹性特性．MgO从低压NaCl到高压CsCl结构的相变压强为397 GPa，表明它在地球内部不会发生相变．在压强上升到150 GPa时，MgO的绝热弹性模量跟0 GPa时的实验值和其他赝势在高压下的计算结果基本一致．从0 GPa上升到20 GPa时，MgO的各向异性逐渐减小；在20?150 GPa时绝对值逐渐增大．MgO明显地违背了Cauchy条件，反应出非中心多体力是重要的．另外，MgO的热力学参量与实验也符合的很好．     

计算OC型逻辑函数的布尔偏导数与布尔差分的表格方法

讨论了OC型逻辑函数一阶布尔偏导数的规范OC展开式．在此基础上提出了计算OC型逻辑函数一阶、二阶布尔偏导数的表格方法．根据二阶布尔差分的定义以及二阶布尔差分与布尔偏导数的关系提出了两种计算OC型逻辑函数二阶布尔差分的表格方法,并作了比较．本文提出的计算OC型逻辑函数布尔偏导数与布尔差分的表格方法具有简捷、方便以及易于计算机编程操作等优点．     

醇和羧酸添加剂对菜籽油抗磨与极压性能的影响

在四球摩擦磨损试验机上考察了醇－菜籽油及羧酸－菜籽油对钢－钢摩擦副抗磨与极压性能的影响,并分析了其润滑机制。结果表明,醇不能改善菜籽油的抗磨性能及承载能力,羧酸能明显改善菜籽油的抗磨性能,但却降低其承载能力,这与菜籽油本身的特性及三者的极性强弱有关。钢球磨损表面ＸＰＳ分析表明：２种润滑剂体系在摩擦过程中均形成了复杂的表面保护膜。２种润滑剂体系在钢球表面形成的保护膜的特性不同,这决定了它们个有不同的     

Model studies of the chemisorption of hydrogen and oxygen on the Au (1 0 0) surface

 The convergence of chemisorption energy for hydrogen and oxygen on gold clusters is studied. Two theoretical approaches have been employed; wavefunction methods at the self-consistent-field second–order M?ller–Plesset level and density functional theory and the two methods are compared. Relativistic effective core potentials exploited in the former approach were developed in this work. Received: 25 October 1999 / Accepted: 21 February 2001 / Published online: 11 October 2001     

Effect of temperature on ionic volumes and heat capacities in methanol

A flow densimeter and flow heat capacity calorimeter have been employed to measure precision densities and specific heats of selected electrolytes and nonelectrolytes in methanol at 20, 25, and 40°C. Apparent molar volumes and heat capacities have been calculated and the corresponding standard state functions, V ^o and C _p, ^o , evaluated. The data have been used, along with known volumes and heat capacity data at 25°C for numerous alkanes, to generate volumes and heat capacities of model compounds for organic electrolytes. Comparison of the thermodynamic functions for the model compounds with those of the corresponding electrolytes at the respective temperatures has made it possible to assign single ion values and to establish the temperature effects of ionic charges on the volumes and heat capacities of solutes.     

High-pressure NMR study of water exchange on magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

Abstract

The knowledge of water exchange reaction mechanism in aqueous solutions of Gd³⁺ polyaminocarboxylates is important for the understanding of the relatively slow water exchange rates measured for these complexes. Variable ressure measurements show a change of mechanism from associatively activated on [Gd(H₂O)₈]³⁺ and [Gd(PDTA)(H₂O₂)₂]^? to probably limiting dissociative on the MRI contrast agents [Gd(DOTA)(H₂O)]^?, [Gd(DTPA)(H₂O)]^2? and [Gd(DTPA-BMA)(H₂O)].     

Oxidative coupling of methane over Na-Mn-W/SiO2 catalyst at higher pressure

Na-Mn-W/SiO₂ catalysts were prepared and their catalytic performance for oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) was evaluated in a stainless-steel microreactor at elevated pressure. The results show that a CH₄ conversion of 15.1% with a C₂₊ selectivity of 71.8% was obtained under 750^oC, 1.0×10⁵h^-1 GHSV, CH₄/O₂ ratio of 8 and 1.0 MPa. Moreover, 17.3% CH₄ conversion with 51.6% C₂ selectivity and 23.6% C₃-C₄ selectivity was obtained under 750^oC, 2.0×10⁵h^-1 GHSV, CH₄/O₂ ratio of 8 and 1.0 MPa.     

常压干燥法制备气凝胶的研究进展

气凝胶是一类轻质、低密度的三维纳米多孔固态材料,因其独特的高孔隙率、高比表面积和低导热系数等特性,使其在吸附、催化、保温隔热和隔音等诸多领域具有广泛的用途,目前其相关研究在材料科学领域受到了广泛的关注。气凝胶的制备主要包括溶胶-凝胶过程和湿凝胶干燥两个步骤,湿凝胶的干燥是制备气凝胶过程中至关重要而又较为困难的一步。传统的气凝胶通过超临界干燥制备,工艺复杂、成本高,而且由于干燥过程在高温高压条件下进行,有一定的危险性并且不适宜大规模生产,因此如何通过常压干燥获得高比表面积、高孔隙率、低密度的性能优异的气凝胶是其研究的重要方向之一。本文简要介绍了湿凝胶的制备以及凝胶干燥理论,详细介绍了近年来常压干燥方法气凝胶制备的研究进展,并对其未来发展前景做出了展望。