Real-time X-ray scattering study during heating of oriented injection-molded polyethylene

Highly oriented linear polyethylene was prepared by elongational flow injection molding. The changes in crystal orientation were investigated as a function of temperature by real-time wide-angle X-ray diffraction. Additionally, the influence of molecular weight upon the microstructure and the changes in orientation, during heating near the melting point, and after cooling have been examined. A shish-kebab structure is inferred for the high molecular weight samples (M_w≥10⁵) from SAXS observations, while for samples with M_w<10⁵ only an oriented lamellar structure is found. Consequently, a higher thermal stability is shown by the higher molecular weight samples. Furthermore, a recovery of crystal orientation on rapid cooling of the samples from the melt is only observed for samples with M_w≥10⁵. The results are discussed in terms of a preferential recrystallization of chain-folded lamellae, on cooling, onto the shish fibrils which survive at high temperature.     

ORIENTATION OF MOLECULAR GROUPS IN CROSS SECTION OF POLYAMIDE-6 FIBER BY INFRARED ATTENUATED TOTAL REFLECTION DICHROISM STUDIES

The polymer fiber usually possess typical uniaxial orientation. The molecular chains are symmetrically distributed around fiber axis. In this work, the orientation of molecular groups in the cross section of polyamide-6 fiber has been measured by using IR ATR method. The results indicated that the polyamide-6 fiber mainly contains α-crystalline form. The direction of hydrogen bonds of amide groups is predominately parallel with the surface in the cross section of the fiber.     

聚丙烯熔体自干扰流动对其凝聚态取向效应的影响

通过一种由两个浇口小流道共享一个分流道的新型浇口 ,使两股熔体流入型腔 ,并在型腔内产生自干扰流动 (SIF) .在平行于注射方向熔体会产生迭加效应 ,而在垂直于注射方向熔体会产生挤压作用 ,并形成横向流动 .探讨了这种自干扰流动对注射PP试样的取向效应的影响 .采用热收缩和X 射线衍射法分别对分子链取向和晶体取向进行了检测 .热收缩试验结果显示SIF样比常规流动 (CFP)试样具有较小的链取向 .透射X 射线衍射的检测结果表明SIF样和CFP样在剪切层晶体具有大的取向效应 ,SIF样晶体的取向度为 65 % ,而CFP样则为 79% .     

取向态聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯膜热弛豫过程的偏振红外光谱研究

用升温在位偏振红外光谱测量方法，研究了不同取向态的聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（ＰＥＴ）膜在热弛豫过程中的尺寸变化以及分子链构象和取向的变化．结果说明，ＰＥＴ小尺度取向链段的热弛豫较大尺度取向分子链的热弛豫在较低的温度下发生，取向ＰＥＴ膜的热收缩主要与分子链大尺度取向的弛豫有关，而其后的自发伸长是结晶过程引起的，分子链的取向程度对结晶伸长的幅度有着重要影响．     

Melt mixing of polycarbonate with multiwalled carbon nanotubes: microscopic studies on the state of dispersion

The focus of the paper is to investigate several issues related to the state of dispersion of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) in a polycarbonate (PC) matrix. A masterbatch of PC-MWNT (15 wt.%) was diluted with different amounts of PC in a small scale conical twin screw extruder (DACA Micro Compounder) to obtain different compositions of MWNT. In this system, electrical measurements indicated percolation of MWNT between 1.0 and 1.5 wt.%. We report TEM and AFM investigations of the state of dispersion of MWNT, in the entire volume of the matrix, in selected composites with compositions below (1 wt.% MWNT) and above the percolation threshold (2 and 5 wt.% MWNT). In addition, it was investigated if surface segregation of MWNT and flow induced orientation of nanotubes within the extruded strands had been occurred. It is found that the nanotubes dispersed uniformly through the matrix showing no significant agglomeration in the compositions studied. TEM micrographs seem to be able to detect the percolated structure of the carbon nanotubes. Furthermore, by comparing AFM micrographs from the core region and near to surface region no evidence of segregation or depletion of MWNT at the surface of the extruded strand was found. Comparison of TEM and AFM micrographs on surfaces cut along and perpendicular to the strand direction led to the conclusion that no preferred alignment had occurred as a result of extrusion. Aside from TEM technique, AFM is shown to be suitable to characterize the state of nanotube dispersion along with the issue of surface segregation and orientation of the nanotubes.     

Vibrational Spectroscopy and Spectral Imaging Techniques – Special Applications in the Polymer Science

Summary. Polarized FTIR microspectroscopy was used to characterize the orientational distribution in semi-thin cross sections of injection-molded polypropylene and to visualize the flow-lines in the material. Distributions of the degree of crystallinity were also obtained using non-polarized infrared radiation.     

Development and Characterization of Nickel‐NTA‐Polyaniline Modified Electrodes

The engineered addition of hexa‐histidine sequences to biomolecules such as antibody fragments has been found to be an excellent means of purifying these materials. This tagging methodology has also been extended to its use as a tool for immobilization and orientation of antibodies on transducer surfaces. Polyvinyl sulfonate‐doped polyanilne (PANI/PVS) can be used as a mediator in amperometric biosensors. This short communication looks at the effect of nickel chelate materials and nickel chelation on this conducting polymer and evaluates it as a potential surface for the immobilization of his‐tagged biomolecules. N‐nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) was doped into the electropolymerized PANI/PVS at a screen‐printed carbon paste electrode. The resulting NTA‐PANI/PVS film was shown to have comparable electrochemical properties of polymer without the chelating agent. When Ni²⁺ was applied to the electrode, the incorporated NTA was found to efficiently chelate the metal ions at the electrode surface.     

高聚物的动态红外光谱研究

动态红外光谱法是研究高聚物在外加力场作用下变形或松弛现象的极为有用的手段。本文介绍了动态红外光谱法的实验技术以及若干近期的研究结果。     

涤纶三维卷曲中空纤维结构性能研究 Ⅰ.涤纶中空纤维在纺丝及后加工过程中结构变化特征

用ＦＲＳ－ＸＲＳＡ、ＳＡＸＳ、ＤＳＣ表征了涤纶中空纤维在整个纺丝及后加工过程中结构的变化特征。结果表明，涤纶中空初生纤维基本是非晶态，在后加工过程中分两步结晶：拉伸应变诱导结晶和热结晶，在一次应变诱导结晶的同时伴随着纤维自卷形成三维卷曲，二次热结晶后形成长周期，使结构得以稳定。     

关于超高分子量聚丙烯超拉伸膜的结构性能的研究——Ⅰ.拉伸取向过程的表征

用超高分子量聚丙烯的对二甲苯溶液中冷却析出的结晶沉积压制成的结晶垫,经热拉伸制备了不同拉伸倍数的薄膜.与用低分子量聚丙烯制备的结晶垫或熔融结晶物不同,超高分子量聚丙烯的结晶垫显示出极高的拉伸变形性能,因而制得了高达69倍的拉伸样品.WAXD照片表明在未拉伸的结晶垫中,微晶的c轴沿结晶垫法线方向择优取向,但仅经2-4倍的拉伸,微晶即发生破裂,且产生的较小的折叠链微晶已转向沿拉伸轴方向取向;晶区取向因子在拉伸过程中迅速增加并在较低拉伸倍数下即接近于理想取向.但非晶区取向因子在整个拉伸领域中增加缓慢.随拉伸倍数的增大,晶粒尺寸D_(110)及D_(040)逐渐减小;而长周期L逐渐增加.这表明在高倍拉伸样品中存在着折叠链被从片晶中拉出并部分形成伸直链结晶的转变.