Recent electroanalytical applications of boron-doped diamond electrodes

This review overviews recent reports on the electroanalytical applications of boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes. Because BDD electrodes have excellent features for electroanalysis, such as wide potential window, low background current, electrochemical stability, and fouling resistance, they can be useful for sensitive and stable detection of various substances, including drugs, bio-related substances, metal ions, and organic pollutants. Many articles have reported high-sensitivity detection of real samples, demonstrating that this electrode material is practically applicable. Surface modification of the BDD electrodes using metal nanoparticles, nanocarbons, and polymers can increase the sensitivity of the electrochemical detection. Furthermore, research on the electroanalytical device equipped with BDD electrodes will be expanded by combining peripheral technologies related to the device fabrication.     

Degradation-fragmentation of marine plastic waste and their environmental implications: A critical review

This review critically evaluates the plastic accumulation challenges and their environmental (primarily) and human (secondarily) impacts. It also emphasizes on their degradation and fragmentation phenomena under marine conditions. In addition, it takes into account the leachability of the various chemical substances (additives) embedded in plastic products to improve their polymeric properties and extend their life. Regardless of their effectiveness in enhancing the polymeric function of plastic products, these additives can potentially contaminate air, soil, food, and water. Several findings have shown that, regardless of their types and sizes, plastics can be degraded and/or fragmented under marine conditions. Therefore, the estimation of fragmentation and degradation rates via a reliable developed model is required to better understand the marine environmental status. The main parameter, which is responsible for initiating the fragmentation of plastics, is sunlight/UV radiation. Yet, UV- radiation alone is not enough to fragment some plastic polymer types under marine conditions, additional factors are needed such as mechanical abrasion. It should be also mentioned that most current studies on plastic degradation and fragmentation centered on the primary stages of degradation. Thus, further studies are needed to better understand these phenomena and to identify their fate and environmental effects.     

Artificial intelligence-based microfluidic platforms for the sensitive detection of environmental pollutants: Recent advances and prospects

Environmental pollution and its drastic effects on human and animal health have urged governments to implement strict policies to minimize damage. The first step in applying such policies is to find reliable methods to detect pollution in various media, including water, food, soil, and air. In this regard, various approaches such as spectrophotometric, chromatographic, and electrochemical techniques have been proposed. To overcome the limitations associated with conventional analytical methods, microfluidic devices have emerged as sensitive technologies capable of generating high content information during the past few years. The passage of contaminant samples through the microfluidic channels provides essential details about the whole environment after detection by the detector. In the meantime, artificial intelligence is an ideal means to identify, classify, characterize, and even predict the data obtained from microfluidic systems. The development of microfluidic devices with integrated machine learning and artificial intelligence is promising for the development of next-generation monitoring systems. Combination of the two systems ensures time efficient setups with easy operation. This review article is dedicated to the recent developments in microfluidic chips coupled with artificial intelligence technology for the evolution of more convenient pollution monitoring systems.     

Porous multicomponent chitosan/poly(ε-caprolactone)-block poly (ethylene glycol)/SiO2 aerogel@polydopamine membrane for Congo red adsorption

A composite adsorbent, chitosan//poly (ε-caprolactone)-block poly (ethylene glycol)/SiO₂ aerogel@polydopamine (CS/PCL-b-PEG/SA@PDA) membrane was prepared for the adsorption of organic dyes. The matrix polymer materials of this novel adsorbent were eco-friendly. SiO₂ aerogel with nanoporous network construction was fixed in the multicomponent polymer fibers through simultaneous electrospinning-electrospray technology followed by modification of polydopamine (PDA). The composite adsorbent had a maximum adsorption capacity of 598.8 mg/g for Congo red (CR) and possessed good reusability performance. This adsorbent showed excellent performance for the selective adsorption of relatively large molecule CR dyes even under high concentration of small molecule methyl orange (MO) dyes or 1 M of salt solution. The adsorption mechanism indicated that the –NH₂ and –OH groups in adsorbent could generate the stronger electrostatic attraction with the –SO₃^- groups in CR. Meanwhile, the sufficient adsorption spaces of the adsorbent were constructed by the porous network structure of SiO₂ aerogel, the accumulation of PDA particles and the porous structure of the multicomponent composite membrane. The work provided a proactive study in designing an adsorbent for the selective adsorption of organic dyes.     

Electronic structure theory investigation on the electrochemical properties of cyclohexanone derivatives as organic carbonyl-based cathode material for lithium-ion batteries

Organic carbonyl-based compounds with redox-active site have recently gained full attention as organic cathode material in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its high cyclability, low cost, high abundance, tunability of their chemical structure compared to traditionally used inorganic material. However, the utilization of organic carbonyl-based compounds in LIBs is limited to its poor charge capacity and dissolution of lower molecular weight species in electrolytes. In this study, we theoretically investigated five set of cyclohexanone derivatives (denoted as: H₁, H₂, H₃, H₄, and H₅) and influence of functional groups (-F and -NH₂) on their electrochemical properties using advanced level density functional theory (DFT) with the Perdew-Burke-Ernzenhof hybrid functional (PBE0) at 6-31+G(d,p) basis set. In line with the result gotten, the HOMO-LUMO results revealed that compound H₅ is the most reactive among the studied cyclohexanone derivatives exhibiting energy gap values of 0.552, 0.532, 0.772 eV for free optimized structures and structurally engineered structures with electron withdrawing group (EWG) and electron donating group (EDG) respectively. Also, results from electrochemical properties of the studied compounds lithiated with only one lithium atom displayed that compound H₂ exhibited interesting redox potential and energy density for all the studied structures in free optimized state (1108.28 W h kg^?1, 4.92 V vs Li/Li⁺), with EWG (648.22 W h kg^?1, 3.313 V Li/Li⁺), and with EDG (1002.4 W h kg^?1, 5.011 V vs Li/Li⁺). From our result, we can infer that compound H₂ and H₃ with corresponding redox potential, energy density and theoretical charge capacity value of 4.92 V vs Li/Li⁺, 1108.28 W h kg^?1, 225.26 mA h g^?1 and 5.168 V, 1041.61 W h kg^?1, 201.55 mA h g^?1 lithiated with only one lithium atom in free optimized state are the most suitable compounds to be employed as organic cathode material in lithium-ion batteries among all the investigated cyclohexanone derivatives.     

还原-氧化协同降解全/多卤代有机污染物

全/多卤代有机污染物大多具有生态毒性、生物蓄积性、环境持久性及长距离迁移性,不仅危害环境与生态安全,而且可经食物链传递威胁人类健康。由于卤原子是吸电子基团且取代数目多,这类物质的最高占据分子轨道能较低,难于被氧化降解,相反较易被还原法脱卤降解。随卤原子取代数减少,脱卤产物难被进一步还原,而其毒性甚至高于母体污染物。注意到低卤代有机物更容易发生氧化降解,一些研究构建了还原-氧化接力降解体系,即先利用还原法将全/多卤代有机污染物还原为低卤代产物,再利用氧化法降解这些中间产物,从而实现深度/完全脱卤和矿化。本文根据催化反应类型对还原-氧化联用法进行了归纳,分类介绍了基于传统化学催化、光催化、电化学、光电化学及机械化学等构建还原-氧化协同降解体系的原理及应用,以期为开发高效的处置技术提供思路和建议。     

有机半导体非平衡态HOMO和LUMO能量位移规律与OLED中“热激子”形成的唯象理解

以能斯特方程为基础, 通过分析电流密度与氧化还原物种活度变化, 即载流子浓度变化的关系, 计算出有机半导体材料电极电势的变化, 从而建立起有机半导体前线轨道, 即最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)能级和最低未被占据分子轨道(LUMO)能级相对于热力学平衡态的能量位移随电流密度变化的数学关系. 进而依据能级能量位移引起的能隙变化, 提出了有机电致发光显示器（OLED）中“热激子”的产生机制.     

研究性与系统性相结合的有机合成实验教学实践

为了培养学生的创新能力和实践能力,使学生较全面地掌握有机合成实验理论知识和实验技能,开展了有机合成实验研究性和系统性结合的教学探索和实践。在课程建设和教学过程中,贯彻以学生为主体的教学改革思路与方法。从教学内容和模式、授课方式、考核方式等多个教学环节进行探索研究,科教融合,结合实际课堂教学,倡导启发式教学方法。研究型教学模式的实施有效地调动了学生自主研究性学习的积极性,有利于提高学生的综合实践能力,促进实验教学与科学研究的衔接。     

冰冻人血清中尿酸标准物质复制的定值EI北大核心CSCD

为了满足该标准物质的需求,进行了第二次尿酸血清标准物质的复制。针对复制的尿酸血清标准物质,基于单四极杆质谱的液相色谱-同位素稀释质谱法(LC-IDMS),用乙腈沉淀法去除蛋白质,BEH C18色谱柱和电喷雾离子源负离子模式(ESI^(-)),同位素稀释的单点校准法进行定值、均匀性检验、稳定性检验以及不确定度评定等研究。此定值方法经过CCQM-K109(血清中尿酸分析)国际关键比对进行验证。复制的2种不同浓度水平尿酸(肾病患者和正常人)血清标准物质的定值结果分别为(73.5±1.3)μg/g,(47.5±1.1)μg/g,其均匀性和稳定性评估结果良好。     

新型样品前处理材料在环境污染物分析检测中的研究进展

针对复杂样品的分析和痕量目标物的检测,样品前处理是必不可少的,高效的样品前处理技术不仅可以去除或减小样品基质干扰而且能够实现分析物的富集,提高分析检测的准确性和灵敏度.近年来,固相萃取、磁分散固相萃取、枪头固相萃取、搅拌棒萃取、固相微萃取等高效的样品前处理技术已在环境污染物分析检测中获得广泛关注,萃取效率主要取决于萃取...