Annealing-free Poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester-based organic solar cells

We report on the fabrication of efficient annealing-free organic solar cells using co-solvent solution considered as a promising method for low-cost and time-saving manufacturing. Higher device efficiency could be obtained compared to the pure solvent casted device, resulting from the improved crystallinity, optical absorption and transport properties. The power conversion efficiency of 2.8% was obtained, demonstrating the feasibility of achieving low-cost and high-efficiency organic solar cells without any additional treatment and processing additives.     

Highly efficient greenish blue-emitting organic diodes based on pyrene derivatives

We report the synthesis of pyrene derivatives as the light emissive layer for highly efficient organic electroluminescence (EL) diodes. Multilayer devices were fabricated with pyrene derivatives (ITO/NPB (50 nm)/blue material (30 nm)/BCP (10 nm)/Alq₃ (30 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/Al). By using 1,1′-dipyrene (DP) and 1,4-dipyrenyl benzene (DPB), the devices produced the blue EL emissions with 1931 Commission International de L’Eclairage coordinates of (x=0.21, y=0.35) and (x=0.19, y=0.25), respectively. The device with DPB shows a maximum brightness of 42,445 cd/m² at 400 mA/cm² and the luminance efficiency of 8.57 cd/A and 5.18 lm/W at 20 mA/cm².     

Molecular control over Ag/p-Si diode by organic layer

Electrical transport properties of Ag metal-fluorescein sodium salt (FSS) organic layer-silicon junction have been investigated. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the diode show rectifying behavior consistent with a potential barrier formed at the interface. The diode indicates a non-ideal I-V behavior with an ideality factor higher than unity. The ideality factor of the Ag/FSS/p-Si diode decreases with increasing temperature and the barrier height increases with increasing temperature. The barrier height (φ_b=0.98 eV) obtained from the capacitance-voltage (C-V) curve is higher than barrier height (φ_b=0.72 eV) derived from the I-V measurements. The barrier height of the Ag/FSS/p-Si Schottky diode at the room temperature is significantly larger than that of the Ag/p-Si Schottky diode. It is evaluated that the FSS organic layer controls electrical charge transport properties of Ag/p-Si diode by excluding effects of the SiO₂ residual oxides on the hybrid diode.     

Electronic,structural and chemical effects of charge-transfer at organic/inorganic interfaces

During the last decade, interest on the growth and self-assembly of organic molecular species on solid surfaces spread over the scientific community, largely motivated by the promise of cheap, flexible and tunable organic electronic and optoelectronic devices. These efforts lead to important advances in our understanding of the nature and strength of the non-bonding intermolecular interactions that control the assembly of the organic building blocks on solid surfaces, which have been recently reviewed in a number of excellent papers. To a large extent, such studies were possible because of a smart choice of model substrate-adsorbate systems where the molecule-substrate interactions were purposefully kept low, so that most of the observed supramolecular structures could be understood simply by considering intermolecular interactions, keeping the role of the surface always relatively small (although not completely negligible). On the other hand, the systems which are more relevant for the development of organic electronic devices include molecular species which are electron donors, acceptors or blends of donors and acceptors. Adsorption of such organic species on solid surfaces is bound to be accompanied by charge-transfer processes between the substrate and the adsorbates, and the physical and chemical properties of the molecules cannot be expected any longer to be the same as in solution phase. In recent years, a number of groups around the world have started tackling the problem of the adsorption, self- assembly and electronic and chemical properties of organic species which interact rather strongly with the surface, and for which charge-transfer must be considered. The picture that is emerging shows that charge transfer can lead to a plethora of new phenomena, from the development of delocalized band-like electron states at molecular overlayers, to the existence of new substrate-mediated intermolecular interactions or the strong modification of the chemical reactivity of the adsorbates. The aim of this review is to start drawing general conclusions and developing new concepts which will help the scientific community to proceed more efficiently towards the understanding of organic/inorganic interfaces in the strong interaction limit, where charge-transfer effects must be taken into consideration.     

Ordered arrangement of 9-aminoanthracene on Au(1 1 1) surfaces: A scanning tunneling microscopy study

We present a scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) investigation of 9-aminoanthracene (AA) on the reconstructed Au(1 1 1) surface. The bare Au(1 1 1) surface shows the herringbone reconstruction which is conserved upon deposition of the organic molecules. Most of the AA molecules are found to decorate the regions of fcc-stacking of the gold surface where a periodic linear arrangement is observed. The orientation of the long molecule axis of individual molecules is along the -directions of the Au substrate. In addition, for individual domains of the surface reconstruction, one of the three possible orientations is preferred. On substrate areas which exhibit a high step density, the steps are completely decorated by AA molecules. A detailed analysis of the STM images reveals that the molecules are located on top terrace levels. The fine structure of individual molecules on the terrace shows a clear dependence on the tunneling voltage and resembles the molecular orbitals of the free AA molecule.     

Effect of oblique incidence angle of sunlight on the optimized folding angle of V-shaped organic solar cells

We numerically investigate the effect of the incidence angle of sunlight on the optimized folding angle of V-shaped organic solar cells (VOSCs) to obtain the best power conversion efficiency in a realistically operating environment. The light absorbance at the active layer is calculated based on the finite element method with respect to the incidence angle of sunlight and the folding angle of the VOSC. We calculate the generation energy density per day at each folding angle by integrating the angular response of the short-circuit current and the open-circuit voltage with the consideration of the variation of the incidence angle during daytime. We show that the optimized folding angle of the VOSC based on the variation of the generation energy density per day is close to that determined from the variation of the electric power density in normal incidence, which has been widely used to optimize the folding angle of VOSCs.     

有机单体3-phenyl-1-ureidonitrile薄膜的超高密度信息存储

采用扫描隧道显微镜(STM)在3-phenyl-1-ureidonitrile(PUN)有机单体薄膜上进行了超高密度信息存储的研究.通过在STM针尖和高定向裂解石墨(HOPG)衬底之间施加一系列的电压脉冲,在薄膜上写入了一个稳定的5×6信息点阵,信息点的大小是0.8nm.电流电压(I-V)曲线表明,施加电压脉冲前后薄膜的导电性质发生了变化.信息点的写入机制可能是强电场作用下引发的PUN分子的局域聚合,从而导致薄膜由高电阻态向低电阻态转变. 关键词： 超高密度信息存储 有机薄膜 扫描隧道显微镜(STM)     

Effect of pure and mixed solvents on the solubility, crystal growth and morphology of ethyl p-dimethylamino benzoate (EDMAB): An organic nonlinear optical material

The effects of pure and mixed solvents of ethanol and acetone on solubility, nucleation and growth of ethyl p-dimethylamino benzoate (EDMAB) were investigated. It was found that solubility of EDMAB increased as the volume ratio of acetone increased in the mixed solvent. Growth experiments were performed at 32 °C using pure and mixed solvents with different volume ratios of ethanol and acetone. Bulk single crystals of EDMAB were grown-in the experiment conducted using mixed solvent of 25% acetone and 75% of ethanol, whereas thin platelet crystal of EDMAB was obtained in the experiment conducted using pure ethanol. The acetone rich system resulted in uncontrolled nucleation with large number of tiny crystals, possibly due to high vapor pressure of acetone. The grown crystals were subjected to various analytical studies such as powder X-ray diffraction, Vickers microhardness, dielectric studies as a function of frequency and optical transmission and the powder Kurtz method.     

三元铱配合物磷光体系的白光有机电致发光器件光谱特性研究

将黄光磷光材料bis[2-(4-tertbutylphenyl)benzothiazolato-N,C2’]iridium (acetylacetonate) [(t-bt)₂Ir(acac)]超薄层作为黄光发光层,两个蓝光磷光染料iridium(Ⅲ) bis(4’,6’-difluorophenylpyridinato)tetrakis(1-pyrazolyl)borate (FIr6)和bis[(4,6-difluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,C2’](picolinate) iridium (Ⅲ) (FIrpic)掺杂层作为蓝光发光层,制备了三元发光层的白光有机电致发光器件。该器件具有三元磷光染料分子协同发光特性,并且利用合适厚度的隔层,将三线态激子束缚在各自激子复合区域内,获得了稳定电致发光光谱,CIE色坐标为(0.29±0.01, 0.34±0.01),处于理想的白光区域。通过器件电学特性的测试,验证了磷光染料在三元发光层器件中电致发光作用的机理,同时结果表明,三元发光层器件由于稳定的激子复合区域而有效减弱了器件效率滚降现象。     

镱的原子吸收分析进展

本文对近些年来用电热原子吸收和火焰原子吸收测定镱时,为提高镱的灵敏度而采用的各种方法进行总结评述。