CO2 Conversion with Alcohols and Amines into Carbonates,Ureas, and Carbamates over CeO2 Catalyst in the Presence and Absence of 2‐Cyanopyridine

Recent progress on the CeO₂ catalyzed synthesis of organic carbonates, ureas, and carbamates from CO₂+alcohols, CO₂+amines, and CO₂+alcohols+amines, respectively, is reviewed. The reactions of CO₂ with alcohols and amines are reversible ones and the degree of the equilibrium limitation of the synthesis reactions is strongly dependent on the properties of alcohols and amines as the substrates. When the equilibrium limitation of the reaction is serious, the equilibrium conversion of the substrate and the yield of the target product is very low, therefore, the shift of the equilibrium reaction to the product side by the removal of H₂O is essential in order to get the target product in high yield. One of the effective method of the H₂O removal from the related reaction systems is the combination with the hydration of 2‐cyanopyridine to 2‐picolinamide, which is also catalyzed by CeO₂.     

Functional Organic Semiconductors Based on Bay‐Annulated Indigo (BAI)

The advancement of organic electronics has been continually pushed by the need for stable and high performance acceptor materials. By utilizing inexpensive and stable indigo dye as a starting material, Bay‐Annulated Indigo (BAI) provides a new motif for the development of semiconducting materials. Modular and straightforward synthesis makes BAI an outstanding platform for molecular design, while excellent stability, strong absorption, and high ambipolar mobility render BAI‐based materials excellent candidates for organic electronics. BAI‐based polymers and small molecules have taken advantage of these properties to show promising results in a variety of applications.     

Re-casting traditional organic experiments into green guided-inquiry based experiments: student perceptions

ABSTRACT

Green Chemistry principles can be used to re-cast traditional Organic chemistry experiments into more guided-inquiry based experiments. Inquiry questions related to green chemistry principles and metrics have been incorporated into our laboratory for the development of more guided-inquiry based experiments. Re-casting traditional experiments provides time for guided-inquiry by allowing students to evaluate reaction conditions and wastefulness of reactions. This includes evaluating solvent choices, heating methods, use of renewal materials, and contemplating reactants and products impacts on human health and environment. Students examine the changes as it pertains to green chemistry, the success of the reaction and the potential impacts on the mechanism. Involving students in these discoveries rooted in a guiding question made the Organic experiments guided-inquiry. Students were surveyed about their exposure to green chemistry and guided-inquiry based labs. Examples of some of the re-casted experiments, excerpts from student reports, and student impressions of the theme are presented.     

Enhanced deep-red emission in donor-acceptor molecular architecture:The role of ancillary acceptor of cyanophenyl

Organic solid-state luminescent materials with high-efficiency deep-red emission have attracted considerable interest in recent years.Constructing donor-acceptor(D-A) type molecules has been one of most commonly used strategies to achieve deep-red emission,but it is always difficult to achieve high photoluminescence(PL) quantum yield(η_(PL)) due to forbidden charge-transfer state.Herein,we report a new D-A type molecule 4-(7-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)-9-oxo-9 H-fluoren-2-yl)benzonitrile(TPAFOCN),deriving from donor-acceptor-donor(D-A-D) type 2,7-bis(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)-9 Hfluoren-9-one(DTPA-FO) with a fluorescence maximum of 627 nm in solids.This molecular design enables a transformation of acceptor from fluorenone(FO) itself to 4-(9-oxo-9 H-fluoren-2-yl)benzonitrile(FOCN).Compared with DTPA-FO,the introduction of cyanophenyl not only shifts the emission of TPA-FOCN to deep red with a fluorescence maximum of 668 nm in solids,but also maintains the high η_(PL) of 10%.Additionally,a solution-processed non-doped organic light-emitting diode(OLED)was fabricated with TPA-FOCN as emitter.TPA-FOCN device showed a maximum luminous efficiency of0.13 cd/A and a maximum external quantum efficiency(EQE) of 0.22% with CIE coordinates of(0.64,0.35).This work provides a valuable strategy for the rational design of high-efficiency deep-red emission materials using cyanophenyl as an ancillary acceptor.     

有机化学实验教学资源的建设与实践

教学资源建设是高校教学改革的一项重要工作。以提高实验教学质量和培养创新能力为目标,探索了我校有机化学实验教学资源的建设内容,并通过网络平台用于辅助教学。视频资源,有效地提高了课前预习效果;课件资源,培养了学生的实验设计思想和创新能力;拓展资源,开拓了学生的视野,提高了化学实验兴趣;在线测试题库资源,有效准确地检验了学生的理论水平。教学资源通过实践应用,教学效果明显,切实提高了教学质量。     

茶叶中咖啡因的提取实验装置的改进与探索

"茶叶中咖啡因的提取"是有机化学实验的一个经典实验,本文对该实验所用的原索氏提取器进行改进,得到内通气集热式索氏提取器并用于实验教学。通过对照实验,对改进索氏提取器和原索氏提取器的提取效果进行比较。结果表明,改进装置具有原装置的功能和特点,且提取时间更短、提取温度和提取率更高,可在高校推广使用。     

气相色谱法检测食品工业用大孔吸附树脂有机残留量

采用气相色谱法,建立了同时检测食品工业用大孔吸附树脂中的苯、1,2-二氯乙烷、甲苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯、对二甲苯、氯苯、苯乙烯、二乙烯苯、丙烯腈、甲基丙烯酸甲酯等11种有机残留物的方法。色谱柱为DB-WAX毛细柱,检测器为氢火焰离子化检测器,该方法的专属性强,在所考察的浓度范围内线性相关系数均在0.99以上,最低检出限为0.002～0.008μg/mL,样品加标回收率为72.4～104.7%,稳定性、精密度和重现性的RSD分别为1.68～5.26%、1.57～6.83%、2.91～9.62%。本方法具有简便易行、准确、稳定、快速等特点。     

微波辅助萃取及其联用技术在有机污染物分析中的应用

微波萃取已经发展成为一种常用的快速、高效、污染小的样品的前处理技术。结合有机污染物的气相色谱测定方法,对近年微波萃取技术的研究进展进行了总结,并指出微波与固相微萃取、微固相萃取、顶空萃取、膜分离方法、蒸汽蒸馏萃取、微波催化和消解等方法的联用技术将是微波萃取的重要发展方向。     

Prediction of aqueous solubilities of solid carboxylic acids with COSMO-RS

The methodology for the prediction of aqueous solubilities of solid organic compounds, and their temperature dependence, based on the Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS/COSMOtherm) procedure, is presented and evaluated. The predictive capability of the quantum chemistry based program and the applied methodology was tested on the most common solid carboxylic acids. From the temperature dependence of the solubilities, the mean apparent enthalpies of solution were derived. The results obtained for a set of 27 carboxylic acids, consisting of aromatic carboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids, as well as hydroxycarboxylic acids, are in good agreement with the experimental solubility data and their dependence with the temperature. The mean apparent enthalpies of solution, although of the same order of magnitude of the experimentally values, seem to be systematically underestimated.     

Solubilities of cinnamic acid esters in binary mixtures of ionic liquids and organic solvents

The solubilities of three cinnamic acid esters, namely, methyl ferulate, methyl p-coumarate, and methyl sinapate, have been measured in mixed solvent systems of tert-butanol with 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM][PF₆]), 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM][BF₄]) and 1-methyl-3-octyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([OMIM][BF₄]) at 303.15 and 321.15 K, and in mixed solvent systems of ethyl acetate with [BMIM][BF₄] and [OMIM][BF₄] at 303.15 K. In eight cases, out of the 22 data sets, an additive behaviour of the solubility was observed, positive deviations from additivity were observed in six cases, a positive synergistic effect in five cases, and, finally, negative deviations from additivity in the remaining three cases. Prediction of the solubilities of the solutes in the various ternary systems was performed with the NRTL and UNIQUAC activity coefficient models. The binary interaction parameters of the models between solute and solvent molecules were taken from the literature. When the parameters between the solvent molecules are fitted to literature data, satisfactory predictions are not always obtained. On the other hand, very good predictions are obtained when only one of the two interaction parameters between the two solvent molecules is fitted to one single point of the solubility isotherm and the other interaction parameter is set equal to zero.