Building generalized open boundary conditions for fluid dynamics problems

This paper deals with the design of an efficient open boundary condition (OBC) for fluid dynamics problems. Such problematics arise, for instance, when one solves a local model on a fine grid that is nested in a coarser one of greater extent. Usually, the local solution U^loc is computed from the coarse solution U^ext, thanks to an OBC formulated as , where B_h and B_H are discretizations of the same differential operator (B_h being defined on the fine grid and B_H on the coarse grid). In this paper, we show that such an OBC cannot lead to the exact solution, and we propose a generalized formulation , where g is a correction term. When B_h and B_H are discretizations of a transparent operator, g can be computed analytically, at least for simple equations. Otherwise, we propose to approximate g by a Richardson extrapolation procedure. Numerical test cases on a 1D Laplace equation and on a 1D shallow water system illustrate the improved efficiency of such a generalized OBC compared with usual ones. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

低压反应离子镀方法制备ITO透明导电膜

溅射镀膜方法是制备ITO透明导电膜最常用也是实验研究最多的方法。实验使用一种不同于溅射方法的另一种制备工艺—低压反应离子镀方法—制备ITO透明导电膜。实验对不同沉积速率和不同氧气流量对ITO透明导电膜的方块电阻以及光学透过率的影响进行了详细地分析,并综合比较得到了当沉积速率为0.5nm/s,氧气流量为24cm3/min时,在波长为550nm处,方块电阻为20Ω,λ=550nm透过率为90.8%的优质ITO透明导电膜。     

Yb3+:Y2O3透明陶瓷激光器获得5 W连续激光输出

用带尾纤输出的激光二极管作为抽运源,采用端面抽运10％Yb^3 ：Y2O3多晶透明陶瓷的方式获得了连续激光输出。抽运阈值功率为5．6W,当陶瓷介质吸收的抽运功率为31．11W时,Yb^3 ：Y2O3多晶透明陶瓷获得了最大连续激光输出功率5．48W。光—光转换效率为17．6％,斜率效率为25％。同时在激光实验过程中,没有发现饱和现象,因此采用更高功率的激光二极管作为抽运源,陶瓷的激光输出功率会得到进一步提高。这一研究成果表明,多晶透明陶瓷是一种非常有潜力的激光增益介质。     

光学活性两亲性嵌段共聚物的合成与表征

以溴封端聚乙二醇单甲醚(MPEG-Br)为大分子引发剂,三(2-二甲氨基乙基)胺(Me6TREN)/溴化亚铜(CuBr)为催化体系,通过原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)反应制备了不同嵌段比例且分子量分布较窄的光学活性聚乙二醇单甲醚嵌段聚(N-甲基丙烯酰-L-亮氨酸甲酯)(MPEG-b-PMALM)聚合物.以1H-NMR表征了其化学结构以及两嵌段的比例.通过热重分析(TGA)和示差扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了嵌段共聚物的热学性能.相对于单体的旋光度,共聚物在聚合过程中旋光度发生了反转,其旋光度的绝对值显著增加,且随着PMALM嵌段含量的增加而增加.圆二色谱法(CD)结果表明,嵌段共聚物分子主链形成了一种无规卷曲的二级构象结构,其光学活性亦随PMALM含量的增加而增强.     

强度调制光电流谱/光电压谱及其应用

本文介绍了强度调制光电流谱/光电压谱(IMPS/IMVS)的基本原理和测试方法,综述了IMPS/IMVS在各个领域中的研究进展,特别是在染料敏化太阳电池和半导体电极中电子传输动力学的应用,评述了研究过程中的问题和存在的争议,并对IMPS/IMVS的未来应用进行了展望。     

Flow injection potentiometric sensor for determination of phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride

A new polymeric membrane electrode has been constructed for the determination of phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride. The electrode was prepared by solubilizing the phenylpropanolamine-phosphomolybdate ion associate into a polyvinyl chloride matrix plasticized by dibutylphthalate as a solvent mediator. The electrode showed near-Nernstian response over the concentration range of 1 × 10^?5–1 × 10^?2 M with low detection limit of 6.3 × 10^?6 M. The electrode displays a good selectivity for phenylpropanolamine with respect to a number of common inorganic and organic species. The electrode was successfully applied to the potentiometric determination of phenylpropanolamine ion in its pure state and its pharmaceutical preparation in batch and flow injection conditions.     

Polyaniline and poly(flavin adenine dinucleotide) doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes for p-acetamidophenol sensor

A conductive biocomposite film (MWCNTs-PANIFAD) which contains multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) along with the incorporation of poly(aniline) and poly(flavin adenine dinucleotide) co-polymer (PANIFAD) has been synthesized on gold and screen printed carbon electrodes by potentiostatic methods. The presence of MWCNTs in the MWCNTs-PANIFAD biocomposite film enhances the surface coverage concentration (Γ) of PANIFAD and increases the electron transfer rate constant (k_s) to 89%. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance studies reveal the enhancements in the functional properties of MWCNTs and PANIFAD present in MWCNTs-PANIFAD biocomposite film. Surface morphology of the biocomposite film has been studied using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The surface morphology results reveal that PANIFAD incorporated on MWCNTs. The MWCNTs-PANIFAD biocomposite film exhibits promising enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of p-acetamidophenol. The cyclic voltammetry has been used for the measurement of electroanalytical properties of p-acetamidophenol by means of PANIFAD, MWCNTs and MWCNTs-PANIFAD biocomposite film modified gold electrodes. The sensitivity value of MWCNTs-PANIFAD film (88.5 mA mM⁻¹ cm⁻²) is higher than the values which are obtained for PANIFAD (28.7 mA mM⁻¹ cm⁻²) and MWCNTs films (60.7 mA mM⁻¹ cm⁻²). Finally, the flow injection analysis (FIA) has been used for the amperometric detection of p-acetamidophenol at MWCNTs-PANIFAD film modified screen printed carbon electrode. The sensitivity value of MWCNTs-PANIFAD film (3.3 mA mM⁻¹ cm⁻²) in FIA is also higher than the value obtained for MWCNTs film (1.1 mA mM⁻¹ cm⁻²).     

全钒氧化还原液流电池碳素类电极的活化

近年来,全钒氧化还原液流电池(VRFB)作为一种新型的储能电池备受关注,作为VRFB的核心材料,电极的活化一直都是研究的热点。碳素类材料,如碳毡和石墨毡,以其低成本和高性能被广泛用作钒电池电极。通过活化处理增加碳素类电极表面的含氧、含氮官能团或引入各种催化剂可以显著提高V(Ⅴ)/V(Ⅳ)和V(Ⅲ)/V(Ⅱ)电对氧化还原反应的电化学活性和可逆性,进而提高VRFB的总体性能,最终促进VRFB的商业化进程。本文综述了VRFB碳素类电极的氧化活化法、掺杂活化法和碳纳米催化剂活化法等几种常用活化方法的研究进展,并对VRFB碳素类电极的进一步研究和应用前景进行了展望。     

反应溅射法制备高透明导电ZnO薄膜的研究

利用Zn/ZnO复合靶材,通过射频磁控溅射技术,在衬底温度为150℃时分别在Ar+O2和Ar+H2的混合气氛中制备ZnO薄膜,通过干涉显微镜、XRD、Hall效应测试仪、紫外-可见分光光度计研究了O2和H2流量对薄膜结构及透明导电性能的影响.结果发现,薄膜厚度随O2流量增加而明显增加而随H2流量增加呈下降趋势.只有通入合适流量的O2或H2,薄膜才能保持(002)择优取向、较高的结晶度以及较小的压应力,同时在薄膜中形成高浓度Vo和/或Hi等缺陷,因此有效降低ZnO薄膜的电阻率,并保持高的透光率,从而改善ZnO薄膜透明导电性能.当前研究中,当O2和H2流量分别为0.4 sccm和2.0 sccm时,得到的最低电阻率分别为6.33×10-3和2.51×10-3Ω·cm,平均透光率均大约为81.5;,相应的最高品质因子分别为1.04×10-3和1.29×10-3 Ω-1.     

利用AFORS-HET对P型HIT太阳电池的模拟优化

运用模拟软件AFORS-HET对TCO/a-Si∶ H(n)/a-Si∶ H(i)/c-Si(p)/Ag结构的异质结(HIT)太阳电池进行仿真,分析其光伏输出特性随发射层掺杂浓度、晶硅衬底掺杂浓度、透明导电氧化物薄膜(TCO)的选择以及TCO功函数的变化规律.结果显示,当发射层掺杂浓度大于1.0×1020 cm-3,晶硅衬底掺杂浓度大于1.2×1016 cm3,以ZnO为TCO层且ZnO的功函数低于4.4 eV时,电池的开路电压、短路电流密度、填充因子及电池转换效率达到最优值,光电转换效率最高达到19.18;.