Dispersion of Colloidal Alumina using a Rhamnolipid Biosurfactant

Dispersability of colloidal alumina in water has been studied using a rhamnolipid containing biosurfactant. Zeta potential measurements revealed that the surface charge of alumina was altered due to adsorption of the biosurfactant and the iso‐electric‐point of alumina shifted from pH 9 to 6.3. Sedimentation tests indicated that the alumina suspension was completely dispersed for 3–5 hours in the presence of biosurfactant after which some settling was observed. Stability of the suspension in the time period studied was found to be independent of pH. Capillary suction time measurements showed that the alumina suspension was dispersed in the presence of the biosurfactant and varied with pH. Maximum dispersion is obtained in the pH range of 3.5–5 and 7–11 while a minimum is obtained around pH 6. This behavior is consistent with the changes in zeta potential in the presence of the biosurfactant and thus capillary suction time measurements appeared to be more reliable than the sedimentation tests. Optimization studies showed that about 60 mg/g of biosurfactant was necessary for best dispersion and dispersion could be done up to 40% solids. The application of a natural biosurfactant for dispersing colloidal alumina has been demonstrated.     

Effects of Ethanol on the Stability of Pigment Colloidal Dispersion

The effects of ethanol on the thickness and ionization of adsorbed polymer layer on pigment were investigated. The results showed that the thickness of adsorbed polymer layer decreased with the increase of the ethanol concentration, and then the pigment particles aggregated when the concentration of ethanol is higher than 40%. The zeta potentials became more negative with the increasing of the ethanol concentration, and then changed reversely when the ethanol concentration was higher than 16%. The thickness and structure of adsorbed polymer layer on the particle determined the stability of pigment dispersion.     

Optimization of matrix solid-phase dispersion conditions for UV filters determination in biota samples

A low solvent consumption method for the determination of eight ultraviolet (UV) filters, displaying low to medium polarities, in freeze-dried samples of marine bivalves and fish is proposed. Matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used as sample preparation and determination techniques, respectively. This work describes the influence of several parameters (type and amount of dispersant and clean-up sorbents, as well as elution solvent) on the yield and the selectivity of the MSPD extraction. Under optimized conditions, samples (0.5?g) were ground with 2?g of Florisil in a mortar with a pestle and transferred into a polypropylene syringe, which contained 1?g of C18 as clean-up sorbent. Analytes were eluted with 5?mL of acetonitrile. This extract was concentrated to dryness, re-constituted with 1?mL of ethyl acetate and injected in the GC-MS system without any further clean-up. The global average recoveries, measured for three different biota samples, spiked at three different levels (between 50 and 1000?ng?g^?1), ranged from 80% to 101% with associated standard deviations below 10%. The inter-day precision of the method varied from 4% to 15% and the achieved LOQs (defined for a signal to noise ratio of 10) ranged from 4 to 28?ng?g^?1, referred to the freeze-dried matrix. Octocrylene (OCR) was found in some samples of fish and mussels at concentrations between 15 and 20?ng?g^?1, referred to dry mass.     

无机纳米填料在环氧树脂中的应用及分散

无机纳米材料可提高环氧树脂的韧性、模量、耐热性等性能,在航空、汽车、电子材料、工程陶瓷材料等方面得到应用。纳米材料在环氧树脂中存在着易团聚的问题,有效的分散方法包括物理分散和化学分散,物理分散包括研磨分散、超声分散、高压均质分散等;化学分散包括偶联剂法、表面修饰法、溶胶―凝胶法等。影响化学分散的因素有分散剂的用量、处理剂和溶剂的种类等。     

邻苯二甲酸L-(+)-2,3-O-亚异丙基苏力糖酯的两种构象式的螺旋结构与旋光性

在晶 (固 )态下 ,化合物邻苯二甲酸 L-( +) -2 ,3 -O-亚异丙基苏力糖酯存在两种不同的构象形式 ,利用螺旋片段判定规则及ω值 ,结合 X射线衍射数据及扭转角数据 ,对这两种构象形式的所有螺旋片段进行了分析 ,尽管两种构象形式的净值螺旋性相反 ,但仍然得出总净值螺旋性与旋光方向一致的结论     

Properties of DR1/PMMA-co-GMA for High Speed Electro-optical Switch

A non-linear optical(NLO) material was synthesized by means of a simple method. This material can be applied in electro-optical(EO) devices, such as EO switches and modulators. The Disperse Red 1(DR1) was doped in polymethyl-methacrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate(PMMA-co-GMA) as the NLO active chromophore. The synthesis process and material structure were expressed. The thermal properties, surface morphology and optical characteristics of the material were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), atomic force microscopy(AFM), and m-lines technique. Using the reflection technique, the value of the electro-optical coefficient γ₃₃ was measured as 11 pm/V at a wavelength of 1310 nm. An EO switch with nanosecond response based on this material has been fabricated.     

A new imidazophenanthroline derivative and its Hg(II) complex: structures,photophysical properties,and DFT calculations

A new ligand (L) and its mercury(II) complex have been synthesized under mild conditions. X-ray single-crystal structural analyses reveal 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D supermolecular structure of L and HgLI₂. Solvent molecules and various weak interactions, including hydrogen bonds (N–H···N, O–H···O, and O–H···N) and π–π interactions play signi?cant roles in the ?nal supermolecular structures. Detailed investigation on ¹H NMR spectra of L and HgLI₂ are presented. Their photophysical properties were investigated both experimentally and theoretically.     

Study on low-cost calibration-free pH sensing with disposable optical sensors

As labor costs become more expensive, less labor-intensive disposable devices have become more ubiquitous. Similarly, the disposable optical pH sensor developed in our lab could provide a convenient yet cost-effective way for pH sensing in processes that require stringent pH control. This optical pH sensor is prepared in uniform individual lots of 100–200 sensors per lot. Calibration is accomplished on a few randomly selected sensors out of each lot. We show that all others in the same lot can then be used directly without requiring individual calibration. In this paper, a calibration model is derived to include all the factors that affect the signal of the disposable sensor. Experimental results show that the derived calibration model fits the experimental data. The readings of 28 randomly selected disposable sensors with 4 sensors from each of the 7 lots show an error less than 0.1 pH units in the useful sensing range of the sensor. The calibration model indicates that if further improvement on precision is desired, more uniform porous material and more advanced coating techniques will be required. When it comes to the effects of the varying coasters, house-made low-cost fluorometers, the variability in the brightness ratio of the blue-to-violet LEDs is the primary reason for the lack of precision. Other factors like LED light intensity distribution, optical properties of the filters and electronics also contribute to the coaster-to-coaster difference, but to a lesser extent. Two different methods for correcting the instrument variations were introduced. After correction, the collective reading errors for all the tested instruments were reduced to less than 0.2 pH units within the sensor's useful sensing range. Based on this result, our lab is currently implementing further improvements in modifying the coasters to equalize the ratios of blue-to-violet LED brightness.