木质素磺酸盐基胶黏剂的合成与表征

以双氧水(H2O2)-硫酸亚铁(FeSO4)为氧化还原引发剂,丙烯酸(AA)和马来酸酐(MAH)为单体,采用原位一步法制备了宽分子量分布的P(MAH-co-AA)。通过测定P(MAH-coAA)和木质素磺酸盐(LS)缩聚反应产物的凝胶含量,研究了P(MAH-co-AA)中单体组成、胶黏剂酸度和添加三乙醇胺(TEA)等因素对交联的影响,比较了木质素磺酸钠(LSS)和木质素磺酸铵(LSA)两种LS的反应活性。结果表明:木质素磺酸盐能代替部分多元醇与共聚物制备低成本无甲醛型木材用胶黏剂;提高共聚物P(MAH-co-AA)中MAH含量、胶黏剂酸度及采用LSA均能提高固化交联的程度。     

抗高温蠕变高粘红性共聚酰亚胺应变胶研究

采用两苯酐间连接不同桥基的几种二元酐，与二元胺经溶液共聚合成共聚酰胺酸，两种不同结构的共聚酰胺酸共混再配加适量酚醛树脂，制成棕黄色透明粘稠应变胶。用其胶膜在不同温度下进行热亚胺（固）化反应，测试了形成的半互穿聚合物网络的粘接、蠕变等性能，其中粘结力和抗蠕变性突出。制成的箔式电阻应变计，经老化和蠕变测试达到并超过国空标准高等级指标。     

Characteristics and Bond Performance of Wood Adhesive Made from Natural Rubber Latex and Alkaline Pretreatment Lignin

The aim of this study was to characterize an aqueous polymer isocyanate (API) type adhesive made from natural rubber latex (NRL) and lignin as base polymers, and to evaluate bond performance of the adhesive as laminated wood adhesive. The base polymers of the adhesive were prepared by blending NRL, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and lignin isolated from black liquor of alkaline pretreatment of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) and sugarcane bagasse (SB) with compositions of 25/25/0, 25/20/5, 25/15/10, 25/10/15, 25/5/20, and 25/0/25 (w/w/w). The isocyanate crosslinker was added at the level of 15% of the weight of base polymer. The glass transition temperature (Tg), heat degradation, and the homogenity of the adhesive blend were analyzed. The adhesive was used for producing laminated wood (20×8 cm²). Results showed that the addition of lignin in the base polymer blends of API adhesive did not significantly affect the Tg of the adhesives. However, it affected the thermal decomposition and bond performance of the adhesives. There were more residues and less homogenous adhesive solution due to the addition of lignin in the base polyemr blends of API adhesives. The addition of lignin in the base polymer blends caused significant decrease in bond performance of the adhesive applied in glue laminated wood.     

顶空气相色谱法测定卷烟粘合剂中溶剂残留

采用顶空气相色谱法对卷烟粘合剂中11种溶剂残留化学成分进行标准加入法检测分析。采用DB-624毛细管色谱柱(30m×0.32mm,0.25μm)分离,用火焰离子化检测器测定。在优化的柱温和顶空条件下,11种残留溶剂的测定下限(10S/N)均低于0.5μg.g-1,相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.8%～3.3%之间。甲醇、异丙醇和苯三种溶剂的回收率在94.4%～107.7%之间。     

谐波减速器黏着磨损失效加速寿命模型研究

针对空间润滑谐波减速器黏着磨损失效的加速寿命试验方法问题,首先基于Johnson-Williamson的粗糙表面接触模型建立了混合润滑状态下的黏着磨损模型,模型表明磨损速率主要由粗糙表面微凸体接触承担的载荷比例决定.然后,对磨损部位进行考虑粗糙表面真实形貌与润滑剂流变特性的混合润滑数值分析表明,转速与载荷对微观界面接触与润滑分布状态的影响显著,温度的影响有限,因此传统提高转速并升高温度以保持油膜厚度一致的加速寿命试验方法已不适用.最后以增大转速、载荷并保持或增大混合润滑状态下微凸体接触承担的载荷为加速寿命试验准则,以微凸体承担载荷为加速应力建立了黏着磨损的加速寿命模型,并以不同工况的加速寿命试验与寿命分布统计对其准确性进行了验证.     

Co元素对硬质合金基底金刚石涂层膜基界面结合强度的影响

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波赝势方法, 研究了硬质合金刀具基底黏结相Co元素对金刚石涂层膜基界面结合强度的影响机理. 借助Materials Studio软件建立了WC/Diamond膜基界面模型和WC-Co/Diamond膜基界面模型, 采用CASTEP仿真软件计算了WC/Diamond膜基界面模型和WC-Co/Diamond膜基界面模型的最优稳定结构. 通过仿真计算, 获得了WC/Diamond膜基界面模型和WC-Co/Diamond膜基界面模型的界面结合能、电荷密度图及Mulliken重叠布居数. 经对比分析后发现, 硬质合金基底中磁性元素Co的存在能转移金刚石涂层膜基界面处W元素及C元素的电荷, 从而使膜基界面处的原子因失电荷而相斥, 这直接导致了金刚石涂层膜基界面间距变大, 使得金刚石涂层膜基界面结合能降低.     

阻燃聚丙烯酸酯胶的合成

通过溶液聚合法制得了阻燃性丙烯酸酯胶。研究了甲基丙烯酸2,4,6-三溴苯酯及引发剂用量,交联单体及反应温度、反应时间等对剥离强度的影响。研究了多元共聚丙烯酸酯胶的单体组成、合成工艺及其产品性能。结果表明,制得的胶粘剂在室温下剥离强度为19．5N／cm。     

Observation of adhesive force and energy of adsorbents on rubber substrates by atomic force microscopy

We observed the surface morphology and adhesive interaction of adsorbents on rubber substrates by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The detachment of adsorbents from rubber substrates is an important issue for various machines like home appliances and laundry machine. Since a clean surface of the functioning parts is required, a frequent cleaning process must be developed. In particular, dust and lint have a tendency to bind to the rubber surface of a laundry machine. Several practical methods have been attempted to remove these particles from the surface. Pure water, detergent, sodium hypochlorite (65 °C), and cold water (18 °C) are treated onto artificial dust and lint mixtures on rubber with water fluid by rapid rpm. The dust‐and‐lint adsorbents are investigated by AFM after the treatment, and topographic images and force–distance (F–D) curves were generated for the samples. The roughness, measured as the root mean square, is a key factor to judge the cleaning quality. From the F–D curves, we are able to obtain adhesive energy in addition to adhesive force which will yield qualitative measures of the interactions between the remaining adsorbents and the rubber surface. Considering the values that were measured, hot water with water fluid by rapid rpm offers the best performance when cleaning the surface. The chemical like sodium hypochlorite is good for thinning the materials, but it solidifies them, which is eventually detrimental to proper functioning. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

血液相溶材料的合成研究(Ⅶ)──一类新的抗血小板粘附高分子材料

不凝血性 (Nonthrombogenicity)又称抗凝血性 (Antithrombogenicity) ,是指材料不会触发血液凝固的能力 .如何提高不凝血性一直是高分子生物材料研究的主要任务和中心内容 [1～ 3 ] .但目前抗凝血性最好的三类抗凝血材料 ,即聚乙二醇衍生物 (PEO)、聚磷酰胆碱及肝素化材料等 [4～ 10 ] 仍不能满足心血管医用装置的需要 .材料界面血小板的粘附和活化是导致凝血的重要因素 .活化的血小板不仅可激活多种凝血因子 ,也是材料表面血栓的重要组成部分 .因此 ,对材料界面血小板粘附行为的研究可初步评价材料的血液相容性 [11,12 ] .根据“维持正常…