Super‐Hydrophobic PDMS Surface with Ultra‐Low Adhesive Force

Summary: Rough polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface containing micro‐, submicro‐ and nano‐composite structures was fabricated using a facile one‐step laser etching method. Such surface shows a super‐hydrophobic character with contact angle higher than 160° and sliding angle lower than 5°, i.e. self‐cleaning effect like lotus leaf. The wettabilities of the rough PDMS surfaces can be tunable by simply controlling the size of etched microstructures. The adhesive force between etched PDMS surface and water droplet is evaluated, and the structure effect is deduced by comparing it with those own a single nano‐ or micro‐scale structures. This super‐hydrophobic PDMS surface can be widely applied to many areas such as liquid transportation without loss, and micro‐pump (creating pushing‐force) needless micro‐fluidic devices.

Etched PDMS surface containing micro‐, submicro‐, and nano‐composite structures shows a self‐cleaning effect with water CA as high as 162° and SA lower than 5°.     

超高真空下过渡金属Nb与Nb、Ta、Ti、W相互间粘附特性的试验研究

本文在超高真空(10~(-7)Pa)条件下量测了Nb-Nb(110)、Nb-Ta(110)、Nb-W(110)及Nb-Ti4个粘附对的粘附力,并从接触表面形貌的角度求得了真实接触面积,进而得到了各粘附对间的粘附强度,结果与采用简单紧束缚自洽矩方法计算所得理论结果一致。研究表明,超高真空下过渡金属间存在一种相互作用——由两金属间共用电子引起的化学键,而且主要由其外层d电子态密度所决定。过渡金属Nb与Nb、Ta、W、Ti之间粘附强度的实测值介于每对原子0.2～2.0eV之间。当样品受热升温后,由于C、N、B、S等少量非金属杂质的表面偏析致使粘附强度明显降低。     

The adhesive contact of viscoelastic spheres

We have formulated the restricted self-consistent model for the adhesive contact of linear viscoelastic spheres. This model is a generalization of both the Ting (J. Appl. Mech. 33 (1966) 845) approach to the viscoelastic contact of adhesionless spheres and the restricted self-consistent model for adhesive axisymmetric bodies. We also show how the model can be used in practice by giving a few examples of numerical solutions.     

粘着摩擦系数的分形几何研究

计及作用于接触斑点上的切向力，通过比较作用于接触斑点上的法向弹性载荷与法向塑性载荷，确定了区分弹性接触与塑性接触区域的临界接触斑点面积．总的粘着摩擦系数被表示为弹性接触区与塑性接触区的粘着摩擦系数的组合．假设屈服压力及局部粘着摩擦系数不依赖于接触斑点且等于塑性接触区中的平均值，则总的粘着摩擦系数可用简单的表达式描述．分形几何参数及归一接触面积对于粘着摩擦系数的效应已通过算例表明，研究中，分别考虑了忽略与计及接触斑点的微粒间的相互作用，两种情况的结果完全不同．     

Castor Oil-Based Polyurethane/Epoxy Intercross-linked Polymer Network Adhesives for Metal Substrates

Castor oil based polyurethane (CO-PU) was first synthesized from castor oil and 4, 4’-diphenyl-methane-diisocyanate (MDI). Then, a series of CO-PU/epoxy (EP) intercross-linked polymer network (ICPN) adhesives for metal substrates were prepared by a sequential method. The functional groups, tack -free time, mechanical properties, adhesive properties, and thermal stability were studied. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated that an ICPN structure was formed through the introduction of CO-PU into EP. Results of adhesive measurements showed that the maximal value of lap shear strength was achieved at the CO-PU content of 20%. Thermogravimetric analysis results indicated that thermal stability of the adhesive film decreased with increased CO-PU content.     

Use of Adhesive for the Retention of a Rough-Surfaced Particle on a Solid Support

In a study of the rate of dissolution in water of a single detergent granule, an unexpected experimental artefact was encountered. The granule, attached to a solid support by adhesive, was found on dissolution to leave behind a thin shell or skin. The formation of this residue can be attributed to the capillarity-induced spreading of the uncured adhesive over much of the granule surface due to its irregular surface morphology. No such effect was found with smooth, spherical particles of comparable size. This residue would be likely to modify the observed dissolution process.     

Monocomponent Waterborne Polyurethane Adhesives: Influence of the Crosslinking Agent on Their Properties

To improve the properties of the monocomponent waterborne polyurethane (WPU) adhesives, a series of crosslinked WPU were prepared with trifunctional polyester polyol (P210) as crosslinking agent. The crosslinked WPU dispersions and their films were characterized by conventional methods. The adhesion property of the samples was measured from T-peel test of leather/WPU adhesive/leather joints. Compared with the linear one, the crosslinked WPU exhibited low viscosity, small particle size, and low surface tension. For crosslinked films, the thermal stability, water resistance and mechanical properties were remarkably enhanced. The experimental data of T-peel test indicated that the adhesive strength significantly increased to 4.8 KN/m by crosslinking up to the optimum crosslink index of 1.2 and then showed a small decrease with excess.     

Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel High-Temperature Structural Adhesive Based on MDA-BAPP-BTDA Co-Polyimide

A series of polyimide(PI) adhesives were synthesized from 2,2'-Bis [4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl] propane(BAPP), 4,4'-Diaminodiphenylmethane (MDA) and 3,3',4,4'-Benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (BTDA) via a two-step process. PI adhesives with different BAPP content were characterized in regard to their structure, thermal stability, mechanical properties and adhesive performance. Results showed that these PIs had excellent thermal stability, whose glass transition temperature (Tg) were around 300°C. While, superior dynamic mechanical behavior was observed, and the maximum loss factor declined with the increase of BAPP content. Single-lap shear strength of over 15.58 MPa at room temperature was obtained, and it remained high even at the temperature of 350°C. Factors that could affect bonding strength of these PI adhesives such as molar ratio of the diamine monomers, surface roughness of adherends and curing processes were investigated.     

Observation of adhesive force and energy of adsorbents on rubber substrates by atomic force microscopy

We observed the surface morphology and adhesive interaction of adsorbents on rubber substrates by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The detachment of adsorbents from rubber substrates is an important issue for various machines like home appliances and laundry machine. Since a clean surface of the functioning parts is required, a frequent cleaning process must be developed. In particular, dust and lint have a tendency to bind to the rubber surface of a laundry machine. Several practical methods have been attempted to remove these particles from the surface. Pure water, detergent, sodium hypochlorite (65 °C), and cold water (18 °C) are treated onto artificial dust and lint mixtures on rubber with water fluid by rapid rpm. The dust‐and‐lint adsorbents are investigated by AFM after the treatment, and topographic images and force–distance (F–D) curves were generated for the samples. The roughness, measured as the root mean square, is a key factor to judge the cleaning quality. From the F–D curves, we are able to obtain adhesive energy in addition to adhesive force which will yield qualitative measures of the interactions between the remaining adsorbents and the rubber surface. Considering the values that were measured, hot water with water fluid by rapid rpm offers the best performance when cleaning the surface. The chemical like sodium hypochlorite is good for thinning the materials, but it solidifies them, which is eventually detrimental to proper functioning. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Preparation of novel,liquid, solvent‐free,polyolefin‐based adhesives

An innovative procedure for functionalization of polyolefins was developed. It was found that synthesized polyolefins end‐capped with trimethoxysilane (silylated polyolefins) are new polyolefin‐based adhesives. To prepare the mentioned materials,1‐octene as a higher α‐olefin was cooligomerized with two linear, nonconjugated dienes (ie, 1,5‐hexadiene and 1,7‐octadiene) by using metallocene catalyst system, Cp₂HfCl₂/MAO, at room temperature. Then, amine‐terminated trimethoxysilane (3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane) was reacted with unsaturated bonds of synthesized cooligomers in the presence of palladium(II) acetate. Embedding of the dienes on 1‐octene oligomeric chains was explored by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ¹H, and ¹³C‐NMR spectroscopy. On the basis of the results, 1,5‐hexadiene showed both 1‐butene branch and five‐member ring. On the other hand, 1,7‐octadiene was incorporated by 1,2‐addition, forming both 1‐hexene branch and seven‐member ring in the cooligomer backbone. Mole percentage of C?C and cyclic moieties reached to a value of 28.54, 18.59% mol in 1‐octene/1,5‐hexadiene, and 38.04, 6.71% mol in 1‐octene/1,7‐octadiene cooligomers, respectively. Reaction of synthesized cooligomers with 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy, which yielded targeted adhesives. To study the adhesion properties, resulting adhesives were applied to different substrates. Obtained results demonstrated that tensile shear strength of synthesized adhesives to polar substrates was 2.21% to 2.84% more than nonpolar substrates. Among studied systems, the best performance was achieved by1‐octene/1,7‐octadiene–based adhesive and Al substrate with tensile shear strength of 1.45 N/mm².