Compositions and Biological Activities of Pomegranate Peel Polyphenols Extracted by Different Solvents

Pomegranate peel extract (PPE), which is abundant in polyphenols, holds immerse prospects for the treatment of airway infection. In this study, water and ethanol of 30%, 50%, and 80% were used to prepare PPE. A total of 18 phenols belonging to 8 categories of polyphenols were identified in PPE by HPLC-MS/MS. The PPE from the four extraction solvents possessed different antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities. Principal component analysis revealed that though total flavonoids (TFs), total polyphenols (TPs), and total tannins (TTs) were responsible for the reducing power of PPE, only TFs contributed to the effect of PPE in inhibiting lipid membrane peroxidation. TPs, TTs, and punicalagin were positively correlated with the antibacterial strength against S. aureus while TTs alone contributed to the inhibition of methicillin-resistant S. aureus, implying the crucial role of TT in suppressing bacteria. Meanwhile, TTs was associated with the prevention of IL-6 release. The PPE with higher contents of TPs, TTs, and punicalagin had a weaker capacity to decrease nitric oxide secretion. PPE of 30% ethanol gained the highest integrated score due to its stronger antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities. It is a suitable candidate for the therapy of respiratory tract infection.     

Single-Stage Extraction and Separation of Co2+ from Ni2+ Using Ionic Liquid of [C4H9NH3][Cyanex 272]

The purpose of this study was to optimize the extraction conditions for separating Co²⁺ from Ni²⁺ using N-butylamine phosphinate ionic liquid of [C₄H₉NH₃][Cyanex 272]. A Box–Behnken design of response surface methodology was used to analyze the effects of the initial pH, extraction time, and extraction temperature on the separation factor of Co²⁺ from sulfuric acid solution containing Ni²⁺. The concentrations of Co²⁺ and Ni²⁺ in an aqueous solution were determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. The optimized extraction conditions were as follows: an initial pH of 3.7, an extraction time of 55.8 min, and an extraction temperature of 330.4 K. The separation factor of Co²⁺ from Ni²⁺ under optimized extraction conditions was 66.1, which was very close to the predicted value of 67.2, and the error was 1.7%. The equation for single-stage extraction with high reliability can be used for optimizing the multi-stage extraction process of Co²⁺ from Ni²⁺. The stoichiometry of chemical reaction for ion-exchange extraction was also investigated using the slope method.     

Which Extraction Solvents and Methods Are More Effective in Terms of Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Alcea fasciculiflora from Turkey?

The bioactive content, antioxidant properties, and enzyme inhibition properties of extracts of Alcea fasciculiflora from Turkey prepared with different solvents (water, methanol, ethyl acetate) and extraction methods (maceration, soxhlet, homogenizer assisted extraction, and ultrasound assisted extraction) were examined in this study. UHPLC-HRMS analysis detected or annotated a total of 50 compounds in A. fasciculiflora extracts, including 18 hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, 7 Hexaric acids, 7 Coumarins, 15 Flavonoids, and 3 hydroxycinnamic acid amides. The extracts had phenolic and flavonoid levels ranging from 14.25 to 24.87 mg GAE/g and 1.68 to 25.26 mg RE/g, respectively, in the analysis. Both DPPH and ABTS tests revealed radical scavenging capabilities (between 2.63 and 35.33 mg TE/g and between 13.46 and 76.27 mg TE/g, respectively). The extracts had reducing properties (CUPRAC: 40.38–78 TE/g and FRAP: 17.51–42.58 TE/g). The extracts showed metal chelating activity (18.28–46.71 mg EDTAE/g) as well as total antioxidant capacity (phosphomolybdenum test) (0.90–2.12 mmol TE/g). DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and metal chelating tests indicated the water extracts to be the best antioxidants, while the ethyl acetate extracts had the highest overall antioxidant capacity regardless of the extraction technique. Furthermore, anti-acetylcholinesterase activity was identified in all extracts (0.17–2.80 mg GALAE/g). The water extracts and the ultrasound-assisted ethyl acetate extract were inert against butyrylcholinesterase, but the other extracts showed anti-butyrylcholinesterase activity (1.17–5.80 mg GALAE/g). Tyrosine inhibitory action was identified in all extracts (1.79–58.93 mg KAE/g), with the most effective methanolic extracts. Only the ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts produced by maceration and homogenizer aided extraction showed glucosidase inhibition (0.11–1.11 mmol ACAE/g). These findings showed the overall bioactivity of the different extracts of A. fasciculiflora and provided an overview of the combination of solvent type and extraction method that could yield bioactive profile and pharmacological properties of interest and hence, could be a useful reference for future studies on this species.     

博落回生物碱的提取及分离工艺

采用正交实验方法研究博落回生物碱的盐酸提取工艺。结果表明：盐酸法提取的最佳工艺条件为：1．5％盐酸,固液比1：18,85℃提取3次,每次2h,提取率达到80．1％,与文献报道的醇提法相比其提取率提高20％左右。然后采用柱层析方法分离得到高纯度的血根碱和白屈菜红碱,并建立了一种HPLC法测定博落回中生物碱含量的方法。     

超声波提取-等离子体原子发射光谱测定何首乌中的磷脂

采用超声波提取法提取中药何首乌中磷脂类化合物,探讨了提取溶剂用量、提取时间及超声功率等因素对磷脂提取率的影响,结合ICP-AES分析法对提取的磷脂类化合物进行了测定.结果表明,对于1.5 g何首乌,用20 mL Folch试剂,超声提取35 min,超声功率为24 kHz的条件下磷脂提取率较高.     

Packed-Fiber Solid Phase-Extraction Coupled with HPLC-MS/MS for Rapid Determination of Lipid Oxidative Damage Biomarker 8-Iso-Prostaglandin F2α in Urine

The 8-iso-prostaglandin F_2α (8-iso-PGF_2α) biomarker is used as the gold standard for tracing lipid oxidative stress in vivo. The analysis of urinary 8-iso-PGF_2α is challenging when dealing with trace amounts of 8-iso-PGF_2α and the complexity of urine matrixes. A packed-fiber solid-phase extraction (PFSPE)–coupled with HPLC-MS/MS–method, based on polystyrene (PS)-electrospun nanofibers, was developed for the specific determination of 8-iso-PGF_2α in urine and compared with other newly developed LC-MS/MS methods. The method, which simultaneously processed 12 samples within 5 min on a self-made semi-automatic array solid-phase extraction processor, was the first to introduce PS-electrospun nanofibers as an adsorbent for the extraction of 8-iso-PGF_2α and was successfully applied to real urine samples. After optimizing the PFSPE conditions, good linearity in the range of 0.05–5 ng/mL with R² > 0.9996 and a satisfactory limit of detection of 0.015 ng/mL were obtained, with good intraday and interday precision (RSD < 10%) and recoveries of 95.3–103.8%. This feasible method is expected to be used for the batch quantitative analysis of urinary 8-iso-PGF_2α.     

微珠析相微萃取-石墨炉原子吸收法测定岩石样品中痕量铬

采用二苯碳酰二肼为络合剂,正戊醇为萃取剂,乙醇为助溶剂,建立了微珠析相微萃取-石墨炉原子吸收法测定地质样品中痕量Cr的分析方法。实验详细探讨了微珠析相微萃取的析相条件、石墨炉原子吸收工作参数及共存离子的干扰,优化了体系萃取条件。实验结果表明：微珠析相微萃取既起到了分离富集的作用,在石墨炉升温程序中又起到了基体改进剂的作用;当萃取剂用量为0.2～1.5 mL时,使之与水完全互溶所需助溶剂体积约为水相体积的0.2～0.5倍;方法线性范围为0～10 μg·L-1,检出限为0.057 μg·L-1,相对标准偏差（RSD）为3.3%（c= 2.5 μg·L-1,n=11）;当萃取剂用量为1.5 mL、水相体积15 mL时,与直接溶液进样相比其灵敏度可提高10倍。所建立的方法用于地质标准参考物质AGV-2和G-2中Cr的测定,测定值与参考值具有较好的一致性。     

Comparison of Volatile Profiles of Meads and Related Unifloral Honeys: Traceability Markers

Volatile profiles of unifloral honeys and meads prepared in different ways (boiled-saturated, not boiled-unsaturated) were investigated by headspace solid-phase micro extraction (HS-SPME) and dehydration homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction (DHLLE) followed by GC-FID/MS analyses. The obtained data were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) to evaluate the differences between the investigated products. The volatile profiles of honey as well as the boiled and the not boiled meads prepared from it showed significant discrepancies. The meads contained more aliphatic acids and esters but fewer monoterpenes and aliphatic hydrocarbons than the honey. Significant/substantial differences were found between the boiled (more aliphatic alcohols and acids) and the not boiled meads (more aliphatic hydrocarbons and esters). Some compounds related to yeast metabolism, such as tryptophol, may be considered markers of honey fermentation. This research allowed us to identify chemical markers of botanical origin, retained and detectable in the meads: 4-isopropenylcyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acid and 4-(1-hydroxy-2-propanyl)cyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acid for linden; valeric acid, γ-valerolactone, p-hydroxybenzoic acid for buckwheat; 4-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid, homovanillic acid and trans-coniferyl alcohol for honeydew; and methyl syringate for canola.     

光学表面非均匀中频误差的评价与修正

针对光学元件使用过程中中频误差将导致光学元件的激光破坏这一问题,提出一种中频误差突出频率提取方法。采用基于统计学的多样本数据处理,对于每一种采样方向都可以得到数个较为突出的不合格频率。利用这些频率进行确定性加工后,在特定方向,空间频率0.044 1 mm-1,0.085 8 mm-1,0.041 7 mm-1所出现的不合格次数分别降至加工前的23.9%,18.3%,29.2%,而整体中频误差减少至50.1%。结果表明,此方法降低了由光学表面中频误差方向性与局部性引起的不确定性。     

磁共振成像谱仪梯度波形分析

梯度是磁共振成像（MRI）的关键环节.通过采集谱仪梯度波形信号并进行分析,提取出各通道波形的特征点,从而有助于快速准确地判断谱仪梯度硬件电路或脉冲序列编写是否存在问题.采用虚拟仪器LabVIEW软件控制高速采集卡DAQ-2005设计实现多路采集系统,对谱仪的梯度输出进行采集.通过对波形数据进行直方图统计、滤波、差分计算等分析,提取出波形的特征点,这些特征点包含时间与幅度信息.使用实验室自主研发的谱仪进行了多次实验,对该方法进行验证,证明了该方法的有效性,也为谱仪研制和脉冲序列开发提供了一种辅助测试方法.