对神经递质多巴胺敏感的离子选择性微电极的研究

介绍了一种用于检测神经递质多巴胺的双通道离子选择性微电极。利用所合成的四对甲氧基苯硼－多巴胺活性材料,构建了对多巴胺敏感的液态膜微电极,该微电极的响应性和稳定性较好,一般无机离子和有机离子没有明显的干扰。     

高效液相色谱-质谱-质谱法测定脑组织中氨基酸类神经递质

建立测定大鼠脑海马组织中氨基酸类神经递质的高效液相色谱-质谱-质谱(LC-MS-MS) 分析方法。海马组织匀浆后, 匀浆液经盐酸正丁醇衍生化反应形成氨基酸丁酯, 利用LC-MS-MS测定γ_氨基丁酸(GABA)、天冬氨酸(Asp)、谷氨酸(Glu)的含量。GABA及Asp 在0.1~ 0.8μmol·mL- 1, Glu 在0.4~ 1.2μmol·mL-1 浓度范围内线性关系良好。GABA、Asp、Glu的回收率分别为95%、112%、109%。本法具有特异性高、灵敏度好、测定快速等优点, 适用于海马组织中的氨基酸类神经递质的测定。     

Recent advances in nanoelectrochemistry at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions

The nanoscale interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (nanoITIES) is an emerging versatile analytical platform. Analytical advantages of chemical analysis using the nanoITIES include imaging with nanometer spatial resolution, probing fast dynamics with millisecond temporal resolution and fast response times, selectively detecting analytes, probing fundamental chemical processes (e.g., diffusion profiles), and versatile sensing of metal ions, proteins, neurotransmitters, ionic and neutral species, redox-active and non-redox active analytes, etc. We present here a brief theoretical background of the nanoITIES and experimental advances from the past five years. These advances include imaging of nanopores, probing diffusion profiles, biosensing, a new pH modulation mechanism for sensing neutral species, and studying exocytosis from Aplysia californica neurons.     

Measuring D-serine efflux from mouse cortical brain slices using online microdialysis-capillary electrophoresis

Efflux of a number of important neurochemicals, including D-serine, L-serine, taurine, glutamate, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), from mouse cortical brain slices housed in a 7 microL perfusion chamber was monitored using online microdialysis-CE (MD-CE). Analyte concentrations could be measured every 20-27 s using the MD-CE instrument. Stimulation with high potassium induced increased release of D-serine. Kainic acid (KA) induced D-serine release, but this release was not blocked by 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, suggesting that alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid/KA receptors do not mediate D-serine release. Application of L-serine, the precursor of D-serine, resulted in increased extracellular D-serine concentrations. L-Cysteine also increased extracellular D-serine levels in a partially Na+-dependent manner. The observed effects upon application of L-serine and L-cysteine support the involvement of ASC neutral amino acid transporters in regulating the extracellular concentration of D-serine concentration through competitive inhibition of uptake or increased release through heteroexchange.     

A Dual Functional Electroactive and Fluorescent Probe for Coupled Measurements of Vesicular Exocytosis with High Spatial and Temporal Resolution

In this work, Fluorescent False Neurotransmitter 102 (FFN102), a synthesized analogue of biogenic neurotransmitters, was demonstrated to show both pH‐dependent fluorescence and electroactivity. To study secretory behaviors at the single‐vesicle level, FFN102 was employed as a new fluorescent/electroactive dual probe in a coupled technique (amperometry and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM)). We used N13 cells, a stable clone of BON cells, to specifically accumulate FFN102 into their secretory vesicles, and then optical and electrochemical measurements of vesicular exocytosis were experimentally achieved by using indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent electrodes. Upon stimulation, FFN102 started to diffuse out from the acidic intravesicular microenvironment to the neutral extracellular space, leading to fluorescent emissions and to the electrochemical oxidation signals that were simultaneously collected from the ITO electrode surface. The correlation of fluorescence and amperometric signals resulting from the FFN102 probe allows real‐time monitoring of single exocytotic events with both high spatial and temporal resolution. This work opens new possibilities in the investigation of exocytotic mechanisms.     

16通道神经信息双模检测分析仪的研制与应用

研制了一种可检测分析神经电生理信号和递质化学信号的16通道双模检测分析仪.仪器山硬件和软件系统组成,其电流和电压分辨率分别为10 pA和0.6 μV,具备实时峰电位分离,数字IIR滤波,计时电流法,循环伏安法等常用电生理和电化学检测分析方法.为验证仪器的性能分别进行了电生理信号和电化学信号的检测实验.在SD大鼠脑部电生...     

Contributions to the field of neurotransmitters by Japanese scientists,and reflections on my own research

Part I describes important contributions made by some Japanese pioneers in the field of neurotransmitters: (their achievements in parentheses) J. Takamine (isolation and crystallization of adrenaline); K. Shimidzu (early hint for acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter); F. Kanematsu (donation of the Kanematsu Memorial Institute in Sydney); T. Hayashi (discovery of the excitatory action of glutamate and the inhibitory action of GABA); and I. Sano (discovery of a high concentration of dopamine in striatum, its reduction in a patient with Parkinson’s disease and the treatment with DOPA). In Part II, I present some of my reflections on my research on neurotransmitters. The work of my colleagues and myself has made some significant contributions to the establishment of neurotransmitter roles played by GABA and substance P, the first amino acid and the first peptide neurotransmitters, respectively. By the early 1960s, 3 substances, i.e., acetylcholine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline, had been established as neurotransmitters. Now the number of neurotransmitters is believed to be as many as 50 or even more mainly due to the inclusion of several amino acids and a large number of peptide transmitters.     

超微电极测定单细胞中神经传质的进展

本文评述了近年来用超微电极测定单细胞中神经传质的沿革，方法及进展，着重介绍了超微碳纤维电极的制备以及用超微碳纤维电极测定单细胞中神经传质的技术步骤，对存在的问题，应用前景和该方法进一步发展的方向进行了探讨。