Solvothermal Transformation of a Calcium Oleate Precursor into Large‐Sized Highly Ordered Arrays of Ultralong Hydroxyapatite Microtubes

Hydroxyapatite (HAP), a well‐known member of the calcium phosphate family, is the major inorganic component of bones and teeth in vertebrates. The highly ordered arrays of HAP structures are of great significance for hard tissue repair and for understanding the formation mechanisms of bones and teeth. However, the synthesis of highly ordered HAP structure arrays remains a great challenge. In this work, inspired by the ordered structure of tooth enamel, we have successfully synthesized three‐dimensional bulk materials with large sizes (millimeter scale) that are made of highly ordered arrays of ultralong HAP microtubes (HOAUHMs) by solvothermal transformation of calcium oleate precursor. The core–shell‐structured oblate sphere consists of a core that is composed of HAP nanorods and a shell that consists of highly ordered HAP microtube arrays. The prepared HOAUHMs are large: 6.0 mm in diameter and up to 1.4 mm in thickness. With increasing solvothermal reaction time, the HOAUHMs grow larger; the microtubes become more uniform and more ordered. This work provides a new synthetic method for synthesizing highly ordered arrays of uniform HAP ultralong microtubes that are promising for biomedical applications.     

多孔氧化铝模板催化制备定向碳纳米管阵列

Well-aligned open-ended multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) arrays were prepared via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method in porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates without depositing any transition metals as catalyst. Effects of the CVD temperature and heat treatment were studied in detail.Well-aligned open-ended MWCNT arrays were obtained at the CVD temperature above 600 ℃; when CVD temperature is reduced to around 550 ℃, CNTs, CNFs and other structures existed at the same time; no CNTs or carbon nanofibres (CNFs) could be found as the CVD temperature is below 500 ℃, and only amorphous carbon in the porous AAO template was found. Experimental results showed that the AAO template is catalytic during the CVD process, and it has the following two effects: to catalyze thermal decomposition of acetylene and to catalyze conversion of carbon decomposed from acetylene into CNTs or CNFs. Heat treatment could improve the graphitization degree, but it might also introduce new defects.     

铜掺杂类金刚石纳米点阵列的制备及场发射性能研究

利用磁过滤等离子体结合氧化铝模板(AA0)技术在室温下制备了具有优异场发射性能的铜掺杂类金刚石(DLC)纳米点阵列.微观分析表明,铜掺杂类金刚石纳米点阵列分布均匀,密度高达109cm-2;利用X射线光电子能谱对制备的铜掺杂类金刚石纳米点阵列进行结构分析,测得铜的掺杂量为3.6;且sp3键含量高达60;;通过对铜掺杂类金刚石纳米点阵列的场发射性能测试,试验结果表明,铜掺杂类金刚石纳米点阵列开启电场和阈值电场分别为0.08V/μm,0.42V/μm,并且在电场值为0.67V/μm时,发射电流密度高达95mA/cm2,场发射性能明显优于无掺杂类金刚石纳米点阵列.     

Sensor Array Based Determination of Edman Degradated Amino Acids Using Poly(p-phenyleneethynylene)s

A cross-reactive optical sensor array based on poly(p-phenyleneethynylene)s (PPEs) determines Edman degraded amino acids. We report a sensor array composed of three anionic PPEs P1–P3 , and their electrostatic complexes with metal ions (Fe²⁺, Cu²⁺, Co²⁺). We recorded distinct fluorescence intensity response patterns as “fingerprints” of this chemical tongue toward standard phenylthiohydantoin (PTH) amino acids—degradation products of the Edman process. These “fingerprints” were converted into canonical scores by linear discrimination analysis (LDA), which differentiates all of the PTH-amino acids. This array discriminates PTH-amino acid residues degraded from an oligopeptide through Edman sequencing. This approach is complementary to chromatography approaches which rely on mass spectrometry; our array offers the advantage of simplicity.     

Functionalized polypyrrole nanotube arrays as electrochemical biosensor for the determination of copper ions

A novel electrochemical biosensor based on functionalized polypyrrole (PPy) nanotube arrays modified with a tripeptide (Gly-Gly-His) proved to be highly effective for electrochemical analysis of copper ions (Cu²⁺). The vertically oriented PPy nanotube arrays were electropolymerized by using modified zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowire arrays as templates which were electrodeposited on indium–tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates. The electrodes were functionalized by appending pyrrole-α-carboxylic acid onto the surface of polypyrrole nanotube arrays by electrochemical polymerization. The carboxylic groups of the polymer were covalently coupled with the amine groups of the tripeptide, and its structural features were confirmed by attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy. The tripeptide modified PPy nanotube arrays electrode was used for the electrochemical analysis of various trace copper ions by square wave voltammetry. The electrode was found to be highly sensitive and selective to Cu²⁺ in the range of 0.1–30 μM. Furthermore, the developed biosensor exhibited a high stability and reproducibility, despite the repeated use of the biosensor electrode.     

纳米Ag/TiO_(2)纳米管阵列基底构建及表面增强拉曼散射光谱检测与降解盐酸四环素北大核心CSCD

将阳极氧化与光还原法结合,在TiO_(2)纳米管阵列(TiO_(2)NTAs)表面修饰Ag纳米粒子,获得一种均匀有序、稳定性高且可循环的TiO_(2)NTAs/Ag活性基底。采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、表面增强拉曼散射光谱(SERS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段对TiO_(2)NTAs/Ag的组成和结构进行了表征。进一步研究了该TiO_(2)-NTAs/Ag阵列对盐酸四环素(TC-HCl)的SERS响应,结果表明,该复合基底对TC-HCl具有较高的检测灵敏度,在水中检测限可达1×10^(−14) mol/L,而TiO_(2)-NTAs与Ag之间的协同效应对其检测性能的提高起着关键作用。此外,TiO_(2)NTAs/Ag基底在光照下对TC-HCl展示了优异的降解活性,且至少可循环使用8次。表明该TiO_(2)NTAs/Ag基底在环境中有机污染物的SERS检测和降解领域具有潜在的应用前景。     

In-situ preparation and electrochromic properties of TiO2/PTPA-HTAN core-shell nanocomposite film

A new star-shaped structure conjugated microporous polymers, poly (2,8,14-tri[4-diphenyl-benzene]-hexaazatrinaphthylene) (PTPA-HATN), was designed and in-situ electrochemically polymerized on the surfaces of FTO electrodes with a directional alignment TiO₂ nanorod array to obtain TiO₂/PTPA-HATN core-shell nanocomposite films. Compared with the PTPA-HATN film, the TiO₂/PTPA-HATN composite film exhibits higher optical contrast and faster response time, with contrast of 57% at 783 nm, coloring time of 3.62 s and discoloring time of 2.55 s (43%, 4.63 s and 4.77 s for PTPA-HATN film, respectively). After 400 cycles, the contrast of nanocomposite film decreased by 28%, while the PTPA-HATN film basically lost its electrochromic properties. A simple three-layer EC prototype device based on TiO₂/PTPA-HATN nanocomposite film constructed with hydrogel electrolyte clearly shows color changes at different voltages. On the one hand, the formation of core-shell porous nanostructure of TiO₂/PTPA-HATN composite film provides a larger ion doping/de-doping interface, shortening the average diffusion length of ions. On the other hand, the large indented polymer-nanorods contact interface makes it difficult for the polymer to detach from the electrode, thus significantly improving the cyclic stability of the composite film.     

Functionalized Porphyrin Discotic Liquid Crystals: Photoinduced Charge Separation and Trapping

Individual members of a family of highly absorptive porphyrins bearing symmetrically positioned flexible side chains form discotic liquid crystalline mesophases at modest temperature ranges. The order of this phase is preserved when a thin layer of this self-assembled material is cooled to room temperature. Exposure of such films to visible excitation, with or without an externally applied electrical field, produces photovoltaic effects and/or charge trapping. The latter effect constitutes the basis for optoelectronic information storage.     

Applying magnetic soft mold imprint technology with ultraviolet light‐emitting‐diode array on the fabrication of microlens arrays

This study proposed a novel technology, which uses exposed technology with ultraviolet light‐emitting‐diode (UV‐LED) arrays and the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) magnetic flexible soft mold imprint technology, to develop exposed equipments with UV‐LED arrays. This study used magnetic soft mold imprint technology to replicate the structure of microlens, providing a more effective alternative for imprint technology and application. The measurement results showed that PDMS with magnetic iron powder can precisely cast mold to replicate the structures of microlens. Electromagnetic plates were used to control even imprinting with magnetic force, in order to fill the mold of micro‐structure of the photo‐resist. Magnetic iron powder was added to PDMS to produce composite material, which can effectively avoid the transformation of pure PDMS during soft mold imprinting, and increase mechanical strength. Magnetic PDMS soft mold is easy to make, and the casting time is short, so that costs can be effectively reduced. Also with advantages of less free energy on its surface, and unlikely to adhere to the photo‐resist during imprinting, it can be combined with electromagnetic plates evenly to control the magnetic soft mold. This imprinting technology is a big advantage to the production process of micro‐structures during imprinting. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

有序金属纳米壳材料

有序金属纳米壳结构特别是有序中空纳米壳及大孔结构兼具了光子晶体和金属纳米壳结构的光学特性,引起了国内外学者的广泛关注。本文详细介绍了有序金属纳米壳材料的制备方法与步骤,主要包括胶体晶模板的组装、所需金属壳层的制备以及胶体晶模板的去除三步,并对各步的制备方法及特点进行了描述。此外,本文还对金属纳米壳有序材料的各种应用进行了综述,简要分析了目前存在的问题并展望了今后该材料的研究方向。