Communiols A-D: new mono- and bis-tetrahydrofuran derivatives from the coprophilous fungus Podospora communis

Communiols A-D (1-4), new tetrahydrofuran and bis-tetrahydrofuran derivatives, have been isolated from cultures of the coprophilous fungus Podospora communis, and identified by spectroscopic methods.     

天鹅绒阴极产生的双脉冲强流相对论电子束特性实验研究

在时间分辨的模式下, 实验研究了天鹅绒阴极产生的双脉冲相对论强流电子束的束心运动、束包络和束的发射度. 在实验中, 电子束流强度和电子束心运动用电阻环进行测试, 而电子束和石英玻璃的相互作用产生的契仑科夫辐射用来给出电子束包络和发射度信息. 电子束和石英玻璃作用产生的契仑科夫辐射用1台8幅分幅相机记录. 实验结果表明, 天鹅绒阴极产生的相对论强流双脉冲电子束在束流大小、束心运动轨迹、束包络及束发射度等方面具有较好的一致性.     

A masked-alkene metathesis-based synthesis of isopulo’upone

A metathesis-based formal synthesis of (±)-isopulo’upone has been completed featuring a masked olefin metathesis/elimination sequence followed by an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction to construct the 5,6-fused bicyclic core.     

A total synthesis of 11-O-methyldebenzoyltashironin

A concise total synthesis of 11-O-methyldebenzoyltashironin is reported in which oxidative dearomatization-IMDA-RCM triad constitutes the key ring forming steps, while an unorthodox DIBAL-H mediated stereo- and regioselective reductive epoxide openings and implementation of the vinyl bromide-carbonyl equivalency concept were pivotal to the success of this endeavor.     

Synthesis of 2,6-disubstituted piperidine alkaloids from ladybird beetles Calvia 10-guttata and Calvia 14-guttata

Optically pure (+)-calvine, (+)-2-epicalvine, (2S,6S)-(6-pentylpiperidin-2-yl)acetic acid methyl ester and (2R,6S)-(6-pentylpiperidin-2-yl)acetic acid methyl ester, four piperidine alkaloids isolated from ladybird beetles of the genus Calvia (Coccinellidae), were synthesised from a common precursor using cyclisative Pd(II)/Cu(II)-catalysed carboamination-(methoxy)carbonylation tandem reaction of alkenylamines as a key step. The first single-crystal X-ray analysis of (+)-calvine confirmed its proposed absolute configuration to be (2S,6S) corresponding to that of natural product.     

An approach to the synthesis of furanoheliangolides through Diels-Alder reactions

The core structure of the natural sesquiterpene lactones furanoheliangolides, an 11-oxabicyclo[6.2.1]undecane system, was synthesized through a pathway involving two Diels-Alder reactions.     

Matrix effect for several derivatives of benzene in water by solid phase microextraction (SPME)

Summary Levels of several derivatives of benzene were examined in natural surface water (river Zala, West-Hungary) by solid phase micro extraction. Results from the river water samples were compared to the results from spiked double distilled water. The difference in extraction efficiency is termed a “matrix effect”. Large matrix effect causing the change of extraction efficiency experienced in this study. Relationship was found between the matrix effect and TOC, TIC, suspended and the dissolved matter content. Presented at Balaton Symposium on High Performance Methods, Siófok, Hungary, September, 1–3, 1999     

A unifying approach to integration for bounded positive charges

This paper deals with n-monotone functionals, which constitute a generalisation of n-monotone set functions. Using the notion of exactness of a functional, we introduce a new notion of lower and upper integral which subsumes as particular cases most of the approaches to integration in the literature. As a consequence, we can characterise which types of integrals can be used to calculate the natural extension (the lower envelope of all linear extensions) of a positive bounded charge.     

A note on natural risk statistics

Recently Heyde, Kou and Peng [C.C. Heyde, S.G. Kou, X.H. Peng, What is a good external risk measure: Bridging the gaps between robustness, subadditivity, and insurance risk measures, 2007, preprint.] proposed the notion of a natural risk statistic associated with a finite sample that relaxes the subadditivity assumption in the classical coherent risk statistics. In this note we use convex analysis to provide alternate proofs of the representation results regarding natural risk statistics.     

Time-dependent natural convection in a square cavity: Application of a new finite volume method

A new finite volume (FV) approach with adaptive upwind convection is used to predict the two-dimensional unsteady flow in a square cavity. The fluid is air and natural convection is induced by differentially heated vertical walls. The formulation is made in terms of the vorticity and the integral velocity (induction) law. Biquadratic interpolation formulae are used to approximate the temperature and vorticity fields over the finite volumes, to which the conservation laws are applied in integral form. Image vorticity is used to enforce the zero-penetration condition at the cavity walls. Unsteady predictions are carried sufficiently forward in time to reach a steady state. Results are presented for a Prandtl number (Pr) of 0-71 and Rayleigh numbers equal to 10³, 10⁴ and 10⁵. Both 11 × 11 and 21 × 21 meshes are used. The steady state predictions are compared with published results obtained using a finite difference (FD) scheme for the same values of Pr and Ra and the same meshes, as well as a numerical bench-mark solution. For the most part the FV predictions are closer to the bench-mark solution than are the FD predictions.