Evidence of formation of tetravacancies in uniformly oxygen irradiated n-type silicon

High purity n-type silicon single crystal with resistivity in the order of 4000 Ω cm has been irradiated with high-energy oxygen ions at room temperature up to a fluence of 5E15 ions/cm². The energy of the beam was varied from 3 to 140 MeV using a rotating degrader to achieve a depthwise near-uniform implantation profile. Radiation induced defects and their dynamics have been studied using positron annihilation spectroscopy along with isochronal annealing up to 700 °C in steps of 50 °C for 30 min. After annealing the sample at 200 °C for 30 min, formation of silicon tetravacancies has been noticed. The formation of the tetravacancies was found to be due to agglomeration of divacancies present in the irradiated sample. An experimentally obtained positron lifetime value of 338±10 ps has been reported for silicon tetravacancies, which has a very close agreement with the value obtained from recent theoretical calculations. The tetravacancies were found to dissociate into trivacancy clusters upon further annealing. The trivacancies thus obtained were observed to agglomerate beyond 400 °C to form larger defect clusters. Finally, all the defects were found to anneal out after annealing the sample at 650 °C.     

基于同步辐射加速器的康普顿背散射γ光源性质及其应用研究

本文介绍了利用康普顿背散射 (BCS)产生γ射线的原理 ,并以SSRF储存环电子运行参数为例 ,给出了利用BCS方法产生MeV量级γ射线束的计算结果 ,预期该光子束具有高强度、高极化度、单色性、方向性好等优点。同时对国际上已运行和拟建的高能和低能γ束线站的装置和性能作了简要介绍 ,并分别探讨了高能和低能准单色极化γ射线在核物理和核天体物理研究中广泛的应用前景。文中对基于正对以及离轴几何条件下 ,采用直线加速器加速的电子同短脉冲强激光发生Compton/Thomson散射的激光同步辐射源作了初步探讨 ,这一方法为我们构建超短脉冲的高亮度、准单色、可调谐的X γ射线源开辟了一条新途径。     

White matter hyperintensities and dynamics of postural control

Background

White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on MRI have been associated with age, cardiovascular risk factors and falls in the elderly. This study evaluated the relationship between WMHs and dynamics of postural control in older adults without history of falls.

Methods

We studied 76 community-living subjects without history of falls (age 64.5±7.3 years). Brain and WMH volume calculations and clinical rating were done on fluid-attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) and MP-RAGE MR images on 3 T. Balance was assessed from the center of pressure displacement using the force platform during 3 min of quiet standing using traditional and dynamic measures (using stabilogram-diffusion analysis). Gait speed was measured from 12-min walk.

Results

Age-adjusted periventricular and focal WMHs were associated with changes in certain dynamic balance measures, including reduced range of postural sway in anteroposterior direction (fronto-temporal WMHs, P=.045; parieto-occipital WMHs, P=.009) and more irregular long-term mediolateral fluctuations (P=.046). Normal walking speed was not affected by WMHs.

Conclusions

Periventricular and focal WMHs affect long-term dynamics of postural control, which requires engagement of feedback mechanisms, and may contribute to mobility decline in the elderly.     

Radiation Vulcanization of Magnetorheological Elastomers Based on Silicone Rubber

介绍了两种制备磁流变弹性体的硫化方法即高温硫化和辐射硫化. 研究中采用动态力学分析仪(DMA)测量了样品的动态力学特性.特别是对样品的磁流变效应和耐久性进行了详细的测试. 实验结果表明,经过辐射硫化的样品具有更大的零场模量和磁致模量,以及更好的磁流变效应和耐久性. 为了解释这些结果,文章对样品的体积形变和增塑剂渗出都作了详细的分析. 在硫化过程中样品的体积保持稳定是辐射硫化样品具有大磁致模量的重要原因,而增塑剂渗透性小也是辐射硫化样品具有高磁流变效应和耐久性的重要因素.     

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提出了一种用于高功率微波武器的等离子体通道天线(PCA),计算了该天线的辐射方向图。推导出了一般性天线的辐射方向函数;建立了PCA的近似电磁模型;给出了圆坐标系下PCA和周围空气中的电磁场,利用边界条件得出了PCA的色散方程,求出PCA的表面波波矢。重点讨论了PCA的辐射场随等离子体密度、天线长度、半径的变化,证实了PCA方向图的可控性。     

MILO中场不稳定性的非线性发展及混沌行为

 以磁绝缘传输线振荡器中电子运动和辐射场演化方程为基础，分析了场与电子相互作用过程中的不稳定性。这种不稳定性的发展导致场出现极限环振荡和混沌。在软非线性区域，辐射场表现为不连续的极限环振荡；在硬非线性区域，辐射场表现为连续的混沌行为。控制失谐量可加速或抑制这些不稳定态的出现。优化和调节参数可控制器件的运行状态, 获得较高的输出功率。     

蛋白质光谱探针的研究进展

评述了自2000年来蛋白质光谱探针的研究进展,评述的内容包括对蛋白质光谱探针的分类、蛋白质与探针分子相互作用模型、相互作用力以及蛋白质分子的构象研究四个方面,对未来蛋白质光谱探针的研究方向进行了展望。     

Basic principles of technological shaping of optical properties and radiation hardness of PWO crystals

Technological conditions ensuring growth of optically homogeneous lead tungstate (PWO) crystals are reported. It is shown that the basic scintillator characteristics of PWO grown from highly purified raw material and properly doped with lanthanides are mainly determined by inclusions of oxides W_1−yL_yO_3−x (L=Y, La, Gd; 0<x<0.3). Moreover, surface-located inclusions with structure close to tungstenite may also be of importance. It is demonstrated that the scintillation properties can be intentionally designed by varying the oxygen content in the inclusions x and the surface structure. The optimal value for x and the most favorable surface structure are achieved by proper thermal regimes and environment content during the crystal annealing. The results enabled low-cost fabrication of PWO scintillators with steady and reproducible characteristics acceptable for the CERN project ALICE and ensured production of PWO on an industrial scale by “North Crystals” company at a rate of 125–135 crystals per year from every growth apparatus.     

Formulation for XPS spectral change of oxides by ion bombardment as a function of sputtering time

XPS measurement revealed that the original state of TiO₂ was changed to Ti₂O₃ and TiO by ion bombardment. TiO₂ decreased and Ti₂O₃ increased at the initial stage. TiO increased at a later stage than Ti₂O₃. Each of them saturated after enough sputtering time.A formulation was proposed in order to explain the change of XPS spectra for oxides as a function of ion sputtering time. This formulation was based on reaction equations that contain two reduction processes (from TiO₂ to Ti₂O₃ and from Ti₂O₃ to TiO), and sputtering effects. Using four fitting parameters (two reduction coefficients, sputtering yield and information depth), the present formula was fitted to the experimental results. The fitting results agree satisfactorily with the experimental results. The calculation shows that the reduction coefficient from TiO₂ to Ti₂O₃ is about ten times larger than that from Ti₂O₃ to TiO. This calculation predicts that surface composition of an oxide that is changed by ion bombardment will reach a different value depending on its bulk composition. Moreover, the present formulation can determine the chemical states of compounds changed by ion bombardment.     

Photoemission study of the modification of the electronic structure of transition-metal overlayers on TiO2 surfaces II. Cr on TiO2(0 0 1)

The electronic states of the Cr overlayers on TiO₂(0 0 1) surfaces have been investigated using angle-resolved and resonant photoemission spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation. At lower coverages, Cr deposition on TiO₂(0 0 1) creates two well separated in-gap emissions due to the formation of surface Ti³⁺ (3d¹) ions and Cr³⁺ (3d³) ions. At higher coverages, the in-gap emission is developed into the 2-peak-structure emission of Cr 3d character. The corresponding state is considered to be of metallic nature from the viewpoint of the high ability of oxygen adsorption, but has no Fermi edge, indicating a possibility of forming small Cr clusters on TiO₂(0 0 1) at this stage.