Well-dispersed sulfur anchored on interconnected polypyrrole nanofiber network as high performance cathode for lithium-sulfur batteries

Preparation of novel sulfur/polypyrrole (S/PPy) composite consisting well-dispersed sulfur particles anchored on interconnected PPy nanowire network was demonstrated. In such hybrid structure, the as-prepared PPy clearly displays a three-dimensionally cross-linked and hierarchical porous structure, which was utilized in the composite cathode as a conductive network trapping soluble polysulfide intermediates and enhancing the overall electrochemical performance of the system. Benefiting from this unique structure, the S/PPy composite demonstrated excellent cycling stability, resulting in a discharge capacity of 931 mAh g⁻¹ at the second cycle and retained about 54% of this value over 100 cycles at 0.1 C. Furthermore, the S/PPy composite cathode exhibits a good rate capability with a discharge capacity of 584 mAh g⁻¹ at 1  C.     

Measurement of Total Antioxidant Capacity by Electrogenerated Iodine at Disposable Screen Printed Electrodes

Total antioxidant capacity is an important parameter for the evaluation of the oxidative status in different kinds of biological samples such as plant extracts, or in food industry. We report a fast, easy, portable, cost‐effective electroanalytical method to measure total antioxidant capacity, based on the reaction of natural antioxidants with electrogenerated iodine using disposable platinum screen‐printed electrodes. This reaction can be measured by the increment of the electrochemical current signal of iodide oxidation to iodine during a voltammetric cycle. Iodine reacts with reducing compounds such as glutathione, ascorbate, gallic acid and NADH without interference of the corresponding oxidized counter‐parts. The addition of ascorbate oxidase also allows the concentration of ascorbate to be determined. The method was tested with real samples of plant extracts and the results correlated well with those obtained with a standard spectrophotometric method.     

我国金属氢化物化学研究

综述了我国金属氢化物化学的发展。我国是从５０年代中期开始研究离子型金属氢化物的合成、性能和应用的,发展了一些合成方法,获得了多项中国专利。储氢合金的化学研究是７０年代中期开始的。在储氢合金的化学合成、吸放氢热力学与动力学、储氢合金氢化催化和电化学方面都有较深入的研究,特别是储氢电极合金电化学及其在Ｎｉ／ＭＨ可逆电池中的应用研究,在国家８６３计划强有力的支持下,某些方面进入了国际先进行列。     

苯酚在热氧化法制备的SnO2/Ti电极上的电氧化研究

以热氧化法制备的ＳｎＯ２／Ｔｉ电极作为阳极用于含苯酚酸性溶液的恒电流电解,测定了苯酚浓度、溶液中化学需氧量（ＣＯＤ）以及瞬时电流效率等随电解时间的变化。结果表明,用ＳｎＯ２／Ｔｉ电极代替铂作为阳极可使相同氧化电量下的ＣＯＤ明显下降,而平均电流效率提高了３倍,讨论了两种电极上苯酚氧化的反应机理。     

贮氢合金材料电化学与表面性能的研究进展

贮氢合金材料电化学与表面性能的研究进展①杨勇李骏林祖赓（厦门大学化学系，固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室，厦门３６１００５）八十年代后期以来，人们对地球的环境保护提出了更高的要求，而便携式电器（如移动电话，摄像机与笔记本电脑等）对电池的需求也大量增加...     

Potentiometric pH response of membranes prepared with various aminated-poly (vinyl chloride) products

The preparation and potentiometric pH response properties of membranes formulated with various aminated-poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-NH₂) products are described. Products containing secondary and/or primary amino functional groups are obtained by modifying PVC with mono- and/or diamines, respectively. Blank membranes prepared with either type of aminated-polymer exhibit nearly Nernstian potentiometric pH responses over different pH ranges. In general, membranes based on diamino products exhibit pH response over a wider range (5–10.5) than membranes formulated with monoamino products (<8.0). These potentiometric results are used to estimate the basicity of the various primary and secondary amino sites in the membrane phases.Dedicated to Professer W. Simon on the occasion of his 60th birthday     

Nanostructured perovskite oxides as promising substitutes of noble metals catalysts for catalytic combustion of methane

In this review, we summarize the recent development of nanostructured perovskite oxide catalysts for methane combustion, and shed some light on the rational design of high efficient nanostructured perovskite catalysts via lattice oxygen activation, lattice oxygen mobility and materials morphology engineering.     

A Stable Quasi‐Solid‐State Sodium–Sulfur Battery

Ambient‐temperature sodium–sulfur (Na–S) batteries are considered a promising energy storage system due to their high theoretical energy density and low costs. However, great challenges remain in achieving a high rechargeable capacity and long cycle life. Herein we report a stable quasi‐solid‐state Na‐S battery enabled by a poly(S‐pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PETEA))‐based cathode and a (PETEA‐tris[2‐(acryloyloxy)ethyl] isocyanurate (THEICTA))‐based gel polymer electrolyte. The polymeric sulfur electrode strongly anchors sulfur through chemical binding and inhibits the shuttle effect. Meanwhile, the in situ formed polymer electrolyte with high ionic conductivity and enhanced safety successfully stabilizes the Na anode/electrolyte interface, and simultaneously immobilizes soluble Na polysulfides. The as‐developed quasi‐solid‐state Na‐S cells exhibit a high reversible capacity of 877 mA h g^?1 at 0.1 C and an extended cycling stability.     

Electroanalytical applications of Prussian Blue and its analogs

The applications of transition metal hexacyanoferrates in electroanalysis are surveyed. Prussian Blue (ferric hexacyanoferrate) is recognized as the most promising low-potential transducer for hydrogen peroxide reduction among all known systems. The advantages of Prussian Blue over platinum or peroxidase electrodes for hydrogen peroxide detection are discussed. Various types of biosensors based on transition metal hexacyanoferrates and oxidase enzymes are considered. Amperometric biosensors based on Prussian Blue-modified electrodes allow the detection of glucose and glutamate down to 10^–7 mol L^–1 in the flow-injection mode. The future prospects of Prussian Blue-modified electrodes in analytical chemistry for the monitoring of chemical toxic agents, in clinical diagnostics, and in food control are outlined.     

Characterization of the Reduction of Oxygen at Anthraquinone-Modified Glassy Carbon and Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite Electrodes

1-(N-Boc-aminomethyl)-4-(aminomethyl)benzene, bearing a protected amine group, was electrochemically grafted to glassy carbon and edge plane and basal plane highly oriented pyrolytic graphite electrodes by the oxidation of the corresponding linker. Following the removal of tert-butyloxycarbonyl protecting group, anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid was coupled to the amine-terminated linker using solid-phase synthesis. The surface coverage of the immobilized anthraquinone redox centers was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and found to be the highest at edge plane and the lowest at the basal plane electrodes. The electrocatalytic activity of the anthraquinone-modified electrodes toward oxygen reduction was explored by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and chronocoulometry at the unmodified and modified graphite electrodes. The immobilized anthraquinone was shown to catalyze the reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide and the number of electrons transferred was two for all modified electrodes.