Gd substituted NiCa ferrite/poly vinyl alcohol nanocomposite

Magnetic nanocomposite material composed of poly vinyl alcohol encapsulated Ni_0.2Ca_0.8Gd_0.08Fe_1.92O₄ was synthesized by a two step chemical method including sol-gel combustion and solvent casting technique. The obtained samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction; transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results of spectroanalysis pointed towards the existence of a considerably feasible interaction between the polymer chain and the ferrite particles. The dc magnetization measurements divulged that both pristine and the nanocomposite samples under applied magnetic field exhibit no hysteretic behavior at room temperature, symptomatic of the superparamagnetic behavior. The departure of field cooled and zero field cooled curves in the moment-versus-temperature plot further confirmed the room temperature superparamagnetic behavior. The extrapolation of the slope of the curves to M=0 imparted the average value of Curie temperature at ∼323 K (50 °C) for both the samples, suggestive of the efficacy of the material for finding application in self controlled hyperthermia.     

Numerical simulations on the formation of laser speckles with nanofluids

Our recent work revealed that speckles can be formed when nanofluids containing a proper volume fraction of nanoparticles are illuminated by a monochromatic laser beam [Qian M, Liu J, Yan M-S, Shen Z-H, Lu J, Ni XW, et al. Investigation on utilizing laser speckle velocimetry to measure the velocities of nanoparticles in nanofluids. Opt Express 2006; 14: 7559–66]. In this paper, two different physical models are established to figure out the speckle-formation mechanism. The photon–nanoparticle-collision model emphasizes the random collisions between photons and nanoparticles, and Monte Carlo method is used to simulate how the incident photons move in the vessel containing nanofluids. However, in the electric-dipole model, each illuminated nanoparticle becomes an electric dipole and sends out scattering lights, and the coherent addition of the scattering lights from nanoparticles is numerically calculated. Finally, from the numerical results, the speckle-formation mechanism is figured out.     

Large-scale synthesis of ultrafine Si nanoparticles by ball milling

Si nanoparticles have been synthesized by ball-milling of graphite and SiO₂ powders. The solid-phase reaction, C(graphite)+SiO₂→Si+CO₂, was found to be a novel technique for fabrication of ultrafine Si particles. The reduced Si in the powder assembled as nanoparticles with a wide range of diameters. Multiple-peak structures were observed in the photoluminescence spectra of the Si nanoparticles at room temperature. The peak energies were found to coincide with the PL peak pinning energies previously reported in porous Si. Thus, the fine structures of luminescence spectra could be attributed to the size quantization of the Si nanoparticles formed via solid-phase reaction during ball-milling.     

Preparation and characterization of copper(II) tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in poor solvents

Laser irradiation of copper(II) tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine (CuTsPc) microcrystals in poor organic solvents such as methanol, 2-methyl-2-propanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, and acetone has produced CuTsPc nanoparticles with 15–112 nm in diameter. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images have shown the formation of CuTsPc nanoparticles in poor organic solvents used in this work. The mean diameters of CuTsPc nanoparticles obtained from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images in methanol, 2-methyl-2-propanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, and acetone were determined to be 26, 36, 35, 86, and 78 nm, respectively. A correlation between the size of CuTsPc nanoparticles and a solvent polarity could be found in this work.     

Synthesis of Poly(2‐Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate)‐based Hybrid Nanoparticles via Visible‐Light‐Initiated Radical Polymerization

We report a new, unique process for the design of poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA )‐based hybrid materials, which involves the coating of PHEMA on TiO₂ and TiO₂ /Ag nanoparticle surface under visible light. New hybrid materials initiated under different conditions were prepared under visible light, which could be used for the theoretical design of nanohybrid materials. The hybrid materials thus prepared were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR ), transmission electron microscopy (TEM ), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA ). The experimental results confirmed the successful synthesis of TiO₂–PHEMA hybrid materials. Compared to other methods, the method reported here involving the direct combination of PHEMA on the TiO₂ surface was simply catalyzed by visible light without the addition of initiators.     

石墨化氮化碳负载Cu纳米颗粒用作高效氧还原电催化剂

高活性低成本氧还原反应(ORR)电催化剂是燃料电池和金属/空气电池等可再生能源技术的关键组成部分.在离子液体[(C16mim)2CuCl4]和质子化的石墨化氮化碳(g-CN)的存在下,采用简易的水热反应制备了Cu/g-CN电催化剂用于ORR.与纯的g-CN相比,所制Cu/g-CN表现出高的ORR催化活性:起始电势正移99 mV,为2倍动力学电流密度.另外,Cu/g-CN还表现出比商用Pt/C(HiSPECTM 3000,20%)催化剂更好的稳定性和甲醇容忍性.因此,该催化剂作为廉价的高效ORR电催化剂有望应用于燃料电池中.     

Characterization of particles made by desolvation of monodisperse microdroplets of analyte solutions and particle suspensions for nanoparticle calibration in inductively coupled plasma spectrometry

Particles produced by low-temperature desolvation of monodisperse microdroplets of analyte standard solution and nanoparticle suspensions in argon were collected on Si-wafers and studied applying scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microprobe techniques. At desolvation temperatures of about 150 °C, the particles from standard solutions are most often spherical and solid with good reproducibility and the analyte elements together with the unavoidable accompanying elements from trace contamination seem to be homogeneously distributed in the particles. However, there are surprising exceptions, particularly at higher temperatures, where analyte elements are separated in the particle by reduction or crystallization, as shown with Au and Ca standard solutions, respectively. Drying droplets of a diluted suspension of 250 nm gold particles at 200 °C revealed another interesting result, the production of relatively stable concave balloons of ∼ 3 µm in diameter including the Au particles. The balloon sheath was formed of compounds made of the contaminant elements in the suspension. The morphology of the particles is discussed in consideration of the Peclet number, the ratio of evaporation rate to analyte diffusion coefficient. The consequences of particle size and morphology for calibration purposes in nanoparticle characterization by ICP spectrometry are discussed.     

Thermal annealing synthesis of titanium-dioxide nanowire-nanoparticle hetero-structures

Crystalline TiO₂ nanowire-nanoparticle hetero-structures were successfully synthesized from titanium foils by using a simple thermal annealing method with the aid of CuCl₂ at the atmospheric pressure. Nanowires were grown from Ti foils by simply annealing Ti foils at 850 °C. Then, TiCl₄ was delivered to TiO₂ nanowires so as to precipitate TiO₂ nanoparticles on nanowire surfaces. At 750 °C reaction temperature, nanoparticles of tens of nanometers in diameter were well distributed on pre-grown nanowire forests. Nanoparticles were likely to be precipitated by TiCl₄ decomposition or oxidation and that require high temperatures above ∼650 °C. Electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and UV-vis spectroscopy analyses show they have the rutile polycrystalline structure with a slightly enlarged bandgap compared to that of bulk TiO₂. The influence of key synthesis parameters including reaction temperature, reaction time, and quantity of supplied materials on the incorporating nanoparticles was also systematically studied. The optimum reaction condition in the present paper was identified to be 750 °C annealing with repetitive 20 min reactions. A higher reaction temperature yielded larger diameter particles, and higher loading of Ti produced dense particles without changing the particle size. Finally, this method could be utilized for synthesizing other metal oxide nanowires-nanoparticle hetero-structures.     

在导电高分子薄膜表面沉积密度可控的银纳米粒子

<正>由于导电高分子的导电性和化学性质可以在导体和半导体区间内快速调节[1],因此其复合材料受到了越来越多的关注[2].金属纳米粒子在光电子器件、检测及传感等诸多领域表现出独特的性能[3],在生物技术领域中的重要性尤为突出[4].因此,如果将导电高分子和金属纳米粒子结合在一起,将有利于拓展导电高分子的应用范围.本文研究了银纳米粒子在聚苯胺薄膜表面的沉积行为,分别用原子力显微镜(AFM)和扫描电子显     

Preparation and evaluation of solid-phase microextraction fibres based on functionalized latex nanoparticle coatings for trace analysis of inorganic anions

The use of a functionalized latex nanoparticle coating as a new sorbent phase for solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was examined. By means of electrostatic absorption onto ionized silanol groups, a fused-silica rod was coated with polymeric nanoparticles functionalized with quaternary ammonium groups. Optimum conditions for the preparation of the coated fibre are presented. The fibre was used for the extraction of a mixture of seven anions from water samples which are analysed by coupling the SPME fibre to an ion chromatographic system via a special interface. The results obtained proved the suitability of this novel coating as a new SPME fibre. A linear calibration for the target analytes was achieved over the concentration range from 5 μg L⁻¹ to 5 mg L⁻¹ (r² > 0.988), while limits of detection for these ions were all below 3.7 μg L⁻¹ (S/N = 3). The reproducibility of a single fibre (n = 4) under similar conditions was between 7 and 12%, while the fibre to fibre reproducibility (n = 5) was between 8.9 and 14%.