温控聚乙二醇两相体系中纳米钯催化肉桂醛选择性加氢反应

将具有“高温混溶、室温分相”功能的聚乙二醇4000(PEG₄₀₀₀)与甲苯-正庚烷组成的两相体系用于纳米钯催化的肉桂醛选择性加氢反应中.在优化的反应条件下,肉桂醛转化率和氢化肉桂醛选择性分别为99%和98%.钯纳米催化剂经简单分相即可与产物分离,且循环使用8次,其活性和选择性基本保持不变.     

沉淀聚合制备粒径可控的温度响应型蛋白纳米胶囊

以牛血清蛋白(BSA)为模型蛋白,N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)为单体,N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(BIS)为交联剂,采用原位沉淀聚合法制备了单分散的温度响应型蛋白纳米胶囊(nBSA).通过调整单体与蛋白的比例制备了粒径大小不同的含有单个蛋白分子的BSA纳米胶囊.采用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱仪(MALDI-TOF MS)、透射电镜(TEM)和动态光散射仪(DLS)等对BSA蛋白的修饰度,nBSA的形貌和结构,以及温度响应性能进行了表征,并用HeLa细胞对nBSA的体外安全性进行了初步评价.结果表明,在一定范围内,随着单体和蛋白比例的升高,蛋白纳米胶囊的粒径也逐渐增大,且在7.4～17 nm之间可控,而nBSA的响应温度则逐渐减小在33～41℃之间可控;制备的nBSA单分散性较好;nBSA具有温度响应性能,当环境温度高于其响应温度时,nBSA的粒径可显著增大16～33倍,且这种变化随温度呈现可逆性,并通过对nBSA细胞毒性的初步考察,评价将其用于生物领域的潜力.     

新型纳米复合杂多酸催化剂H3PW12O40/SiO2催化合成水杨酸异丙酯的研究

水杨酸异丙酯是合成水胺硫磷、甲基异柳磷等农药的重要中间体[1], 还可用作香料和有机合成的中间体. 工业上一般通过水杨酸与异丙醇的酯化反应来合成, 常用的方法有硫酸法、水杨酰氯法和混酸法等, 然而这些方法都不同程度地存在着设备腐蚀严重, 能耗较高, 环境污染大等缺点. 杂多酸是一类具有笼形结构的多核配合物, 具有强酸性、强氧化性、"假液相"等特性, 在催化领域有广泛的应用[2]. 但杂多酸存在比表面小、易失活、难回收和使用寿命短等缺点.     

SERS标记纳米粒子用于免疫识别

激光拉曼光谱技术近年来已成为研究生物分子结构常用的光谱手段.尤其在研究水溶液中蛋白质的结构和构象方面发挥了重要作用.然而,常规拉曼光谱的信号强度很低,限制了其在各个领域中的应用.表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)和表面增强共振拉曼光谱(SERRS)技术可使信号增强6～10个数量级,尤其是SERS技术已发展到检测单分子的水平,更为其在生物方面的应用开拓了新的局.     

一种具有高效光致变色性能的WO3/ZnO纳米粒子复合体系

WO3是一种重要的无机光致变色材料,在大屏幕显示和高密度信息存储等领域中具有广泛的应用前景[1～3].与有机光致变色材料相比,WO3稳定性好、成本低,但其光致变色效率较差.为了提高这类无机材料的变色效率,已经提出了各种解决方案并已取得了许多有意义的结果.例如将光响应材料与WO3复合可以有效地抑制光激发后电子的复合过程,从而提高参与变色过程的光生载流子的数量,改善WO3的光致变色性能.利用金纳米粒子对WO3薄膜进行修饰可以使其变色效率提高近2倍[4],而利用TiO2与WO3溶胶复合则可使变色效率提高近40倍[5].本文报道一种新型的WO3/ZnO纳米粒子复合体系.实验结果表明与WO3相比这种新型纳米粒子复合体系的变色效率可提高200倍以上.     

Preparation and characterization of nanosize nickel-substituted cobalt ferrites (Co1−xNixFe2O4)

Nanosize nickel-substituted cobalt ferrites were prepared using aerosol route and characterized by TEM, XRD, magnetic and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The particle size of as obtained samples was found to be ∼10 nm which increases upto ∼80 nm on annealing at 1200 °C. The unit cell parameter ‘a’ decreases linearly with the nickel concentration due to smaller ionic radius of nickel. The saturation magnetization for all the samples after annealing at 1200 °C lies in the range 47.6-84.5 emu/g. Room temperature Mössbauer spectra of as obtained samples exhibit a broad doublet, suggesting super paramagnetic nature of the sample. The broad doublet is further resolved into two doublets corresponding to the iron atoms residing at the surface and internal regions of the particle. The samples annealed at 1200 °C showed broad sextet, which is resolved into two sextets, corresponding to tetrahedrally and octahedrally coordinated Fe cations. Cation distribution calculated using XRD and Mössbauer data indicates a decrease in Fe³⁺(oct.)/Fe³⁺(tet.) ratio with increasing nickel concentration.     

Controlled synthesis of CeO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanoparticles using novel amphiphilic cerium complex precursors

Maleic anhydride was grafted by long-chain alcohols (1-hexadecanol, 1-octadecanol) to amphiphilic mono-L cis-butene dicarboxylates (L = hexadecyl, octadecyl), i.e., MAH, MAO, respectively. Subsequently, corresponding amphiphilic cerium complexes with these two mono-L cis-butene dicarboxylate ligands (Ce(L')₃, L'= MAH, MAO) were synthesized and behaved as the precursors to prepare CeO₂ nanoparticles for both of which can form nanosized micelle-like aggregates by special self-assembly in the wet chemical process. The nanoparticles were further characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible spectra (DRUVS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Both the CeO₂ nanoparticles are in a cubic fluorite structure and present regular and well-dispersion club-like morphology with average particle size in the range of 40–70 nm. Besides, the strong ultraviolet–visible absorption for these CeO₂ nanoparticles can be found at the long-wavelength ultraviolet to visible region of 200–500 nm.     

Characterization of magnetic labels for bioassays

Magnetic nanoparticles differing by their size have been synthesized to use them for multiparametric testing, based on their differing magnetic properties. The nanoparticle has two essential roles: to act as a probe owing to its specific magnetic properties and to carry on its surface precursor groups for the covalent coupling of biological recognition molecules, such as antibodies, nucleic acids. A totally unique, newly patented, method has been used to characterize magnetic signatures using the MIAplex technology. The MIAplex reader, developed by Magnisense, measures the non-linear response of the magnetic labels when they are exposed to a multi-frequency alternating magnetic field. This specific signature based on d²B(H)/dH² was correlated to other more conventional magnetic detection methods (superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUID) and Mössbauer).     

Patterning of triblock copolymer film and its application for surface-enhanced Raman scattering

In this paper,microphase behavior of an ABC triblock copolymer,polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine)-block-poly(ethylene oxide),namely PS-b-P2VP-b-PEO,was systematically studied during spin-coating and solvent vapor annealing based on various parameters,including the types of the solvent,spin speed and thickness.The morphological features and the microdomain location of the different blocks were characterized by atomic force microscope (AFM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM).With increasing thickness,the order-order transition from nanopores array to the pattern of nanostripes was observed due to microdomain coarsening.These processes of pattern transformation were based on the selectivity of toluene for different blocks and on the contact time between solvent molecules and the three blocks.This work provides different templates for preparation of gold nanoparticle array on silicon wafer,which can be adopted as an active surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate for poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT).     

Magnetic properties and microwave absorption in Ni-Zn and Mn-Zn ferrite nanoparticles synthesized by low-temperature solid-state reaction

In this work, Mn_0.7Zn_0.3Fe₂O₄ and Ni_0.7Zn_0.3Fe₂O₄ nanoparticles with super-paramagnetic properties and size distribution from 10 to 52 nm were investigated. These particles were produced by a low-temperature solid-state reaction method without the ball-milling process. The size and morphology of the nanocrystallites were determined by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy methods. Magnetic measurements such as alternating gradient field magnetometers were used to justify the super-paramagnetic properties of these nanoparticles. Their microwave absorption in the range of 8-18 GHz was studied by a vector network analyzer. Responses of the device under tests were studied. Also, the percentage of the resin, the size and thickness of the mount were determined. The band width of 2.3 GHz was obtained with reflection-loss/written-loss of −16 dB around 10.4 GHz.