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101.
The production of nanoparticles via femtosecond laser ablation of gold and copper is investigated experimentally involving measurements of the ablated mass, plasma diagnostics, and analysis of the nanoparticle size distribution. The targets were irradiated under vacuum with a spot of uniform energy distribution. Only a few laser pulses were applied to each irradiation site to make sure that the plume expansion dynamics were not altered by the depth of the laser-produced crater. Under these conditions, the size distribution of nanoparticles does not exhibit a maximum and the particle abundance monotonously decreases with size. Furthermore, the results indicate that two populations of nanoparticles exist within the plume: small clusters that are more abundant in the fast frontal plume component and larger particles that are located mostly at the back. It is shown that the ablation efficiency is strongly related to the presence of nanoparticles in the plume. 相似文献
102.
P. Roura J. Costa M. L pez-de Miguel B. Garrido J. Fort J. R. Morante E. Bertran 《Journal of luminescence》1998,80(1-4):519-522
Photoluminescence (PL) experiments on materials of low thermal conductance can cause black-body emission from the sample even at low intensities of laser excitation. This thermal emission may be misinterpreted in terms of quantum emission. Although the quantum origin of most radiative emissions in nanostructured materials such as porous silicon is well established, we show in this paper that SiC nanoparticles and mechanically milled Si do exhibit thermal emission at typical excitation intensities for PL measurements provided the samples are under vacuum. An Si membrane was also investigated and the fact that it did not emit black-body radiation is explained with a simple analysis of the heating in materials of reduced dimensionality. 相似文献
103.
Viktor S. Burakov Andrey V. Butsen Volker Brüser Falk Harnisch Pulat Y. Misakov Elena A. Nevar Miriam Rosenbaum Natalie A. Savastenko Nikolai V. Tarasenko 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2008,10(5):881-886
Tungsten carbide nanopowder was prepared via pulsed discharge of bulk tungsten and graphite rods immersed in pure ethanol.
The effect of discharge parameters on the characteristics of final products was investigated. Structural and morphological
characterization of nanopowder was performed by means of X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy.
In order to determine the feasibility of using synthesized material as an electrocatalyst, tungsten carbide nanopowder was
tested for hydrogen evolution. A correlation was found between morphology of nanoparticles, their phase composition and electrocatalytic
activity. 相似文献
104.
This paper is devoted to the study of the electrical properties of nanocrystalline tin oxide dispersed in the mesoporous silica. By immersing the silica in precursor solutions with different concentrations and heat-treatment, different samples were obtained. With precursor concentrations increasing from 0.1 to 4.0 M, the resistivities of the samples decrease from 3.15×106 to 2.43×103 Ω cm. The resistivity changes with the measurement time, and the deviations from Ohm's law in the voltage–current (V–I) measurements illustrate the capacitance property of these nanocomposites. For this new kind of nanocomposites, the obtained results provide experimental evidence of the conducting mechanism for tin oxide nanoparticles. 相似文献
105.
106.
M.K. El Nimr S.A. Saafan S.T. Assar 《Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials》2010,322(15):2108-2112
Nanoparticles of Li0.1(Ni1−xZnx)0.8Fe2.1O4 (x=0-1.0) were prepared by a chemical co-precipitation method. A part of the precipitated powders was sintered at 1473 K for 2 h to obtain bulk samples via increasing the particle sizes. The particle size distribution, dc conductivity and magnetic permeability were investigated for the nano-structured samples and their bulk counterparts. The permeability as a function of temperature revealed the size effect of nano-structure in agreement with the literature. In some of the samples the permeability was almost constant over a considerable range of temperature, which may be useful in practical applications that require stability. Moreover, the nano-size structure caused a significant decrease in dc conductivity values. 相似文献
107.
Y. Komorida M. Mito T. Tajiri N.J.O. Silva F. Palacio 《Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials》2010,322(15):2117-2126
The magnetic property and intraparticle structure of the γ phase of Fe2O3 (maghemite) nanoparticles with a diameter (D) of 5.1±0.5 nm were investigated through AC and DC magnetic measurements and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements at pressures (P) up to 27.7 kbar. Maghemite originally exhibits ferrimagnetic ordering below 918 K, and has an inverse-spinel structure with vacancies. Maghemite nanoparticles studied here consist of a core with structural periodicity and a disordered shell without the periodicity, and core shows superparamagnetism. The DC and AC susceptibilities reveal that the anisotropy energy barrier (ΔE/kB) and the effective value of the core moment decrease against the initial pressure (P≤3.8 kbar), recovering at P≥3.8 kbar. The change of ΔE/kB with P is qualitatively identical with that of the core moment, suggesting a down-and-up fluctuation of the number of Fe3+ ions constituting the core at the pressure threshold of about 4 kbar. This phenomenon was confirmed by the analysis of the XRD measurement using Scherrer’s formula. The core volume decreased for P≤2.5 kbar, whereas at higher pressure the core was restructured. For 2.5≤P≤10.7 kbar, the volume shrinkage of particle hardly occurs. There, ΔE/kB is approximately proportional to the volume associated to the ordered fraction of the nanoparticles as seen from XRD, Vcore. From this dependence it is possible to separate the core/shell contribution to ΔE/kB and estimate core and surface anisotropy constants. As for the structural experiments, similar experimental data have been obtained for D=12.8±3.2 nm as well. 相似文献
108.
B. Aslibeiki H. Salamati T. Tahmasebi 《Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials》2010,322(19):2929-9985
Nanosized MnFe2O4 ferrites were synthesized by a simple method, which is based on the solid state ball-milling and calcinations of nitrate precursors and citric acid. The samples were characterized by using different methods. The results indicate that the products mainly consist of MnFe2O4 nanoparticles. The effect of different annealing temperatures on particle sizes and crystallinity of the samples was also studied. By increasing the particle size, the coercivity and magnetization of the samples increase. The increase of magnetization by increasing the crystallite size could be attributed to the lower surface spin canting and surface spin disorder of the larger magnetic nanoparticles. Our analysis of ac susceptibility measurements shows that the interparticle magnetic interaction leads to the superspin glass-like behavior in these nanoparticle samples. 相似文献
109.
Binfeng Yun 《Optics Communications》2010,283(14):2947-2952
The concentric core-shell nanoparticle dimers have “hot spots” with enhanced electric fields in their junctions, which can be used in the surface enhanced Raman spectra analysis. Here the non-concentric core-shell nanoparticle dimers are proposed by introducing a shift between the dielectric core and the metal shell. By using the three dimensional finite difference time domain method, the plasmon resonances and the near field properties of the core-shell nanoparticle dimers affected by the non-concentric shift, dimer separation, excitation wavelength and polarization are analyzed in detail. The results show that the local near fields of the non-concentric core-shell nanoparticle dimers can be much more enhanced than those of the concentric ones. Also the plasmon resonance wavelengths of the dimers can be effectively tuned by the non-concentric shifts between the core and shell. The proposed nanostructures can have great potential in various near field applications. 相似文献
110.
Fenglei Gao 《Applied Surface Science》2010,256(11):3357-9406
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of horizontally aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) was studied using two representative carbon source sources: ethanol and methane. The resulting SWNTs were compared for similar reaction conditions which were based on the formation of Ni metal nanoparticles selective electrochemical deposition (SED) on the defect sites of SWNTs. The products were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy and SEM. The results demonstrate that methane was much better carbon source for growing high quality horizontal alignment of SWNTs than ethanol due to the etching effects of OH radicals on the SWNTs. 相似文献