ICP-MS/ICP-AES法快速测定转基因棉花种子中的矿质元素和重金属含量

转基因植物生理生态已成为当前的研究热点,外源基因的导入可能会造成许多无法预料的结果。文章借助ICP-MS/ICP-AES技术对我国自己研制的转基因棉花和对照种子中的矿质元素和重金属进行了研究。结果显示,转基因棉花种子中,所测量的15种矿质元素含量有12种显著低于非转基因对照,说明转基因棉花种子吸收和累积矿质元素的能力下降;而只有镁、铁、铜含量高于对照。在测定的九种重金属(有害元素)中有七种转基因抗虫棉高于对照,特别是铝和砷的含量高出许多甚至上百倍,而铬和汞两种重金属含量明显低于对照。     

应用ICP-MS检测转基因大豆油中22种元素含量

随着转基因食品的推广应用,人们越来越关心其营养特性。以转基因大豆油为实验材料,借助于ICP-MS对转基因大豆油中22种元素含量进行了测定。结果显示,七种大量元素含量在0.13～12.52 μg·g-1范围内;15种微量元素在0.15～700.00 ng·g-1之间。大量元素由多到少的顺序是：Ca>Na>K>Mg>Al>P>Si;微量元素中含量最多的五种元素是Zn>Ba>Cr>Fe>Ti。结果说明市场上销售的转基因大豆油,各种营养元素含量可以达到要求,特别是Zn,Ba,Cr,Fe等微量元素含量较高。     

近红外高光谱成像技术在筛查保健食品中违禁添加抗炎药物双氯芬酸钠的研究

双氯芬酸钠是一种非甾体抗炎药,抗炎症效果较好,抗炎化学药物双氯芬酸钠有可能违禁添加到缓解炎症保健食品中.目前已有一些文献研究水、肉及牛奶等中的药物双氯芬酸钠,主要利用高效液相色谱、表面增强拉曼及电化学等方法,需要相对复杂的预处理过程,操作步骤相对复杂,耗时.为了快速、无损检测保健食品中违禁添加物的成分,探索建立采用10...     

半色调双面图像的色彩预测Clapper-Yule模型

为了准确地预测印刷图像的光谱反射率,在假定油墨是非散射介质以及油墨的折射率与纸张的折射率近似相等的近似下,利用考虑光在纸基内多次内反射的Clapper-Yule理论和描述多重内反射的网状结构分析模型,建立了同色不同加网周期双面墨像的光谱反射色彩预测模型.同时给出了包含纸基的向下体反射和反面纸基-空气构成界面定向反射作用的单面墨像Clapper-Yule色彩预测修正新模型.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高纯氧化钽中28种痕量杂质元素

建立了用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定高纯氧化钽中28种痕量杂质元素的方法。讨论了质谱干扰及接口效应,采用标准加入法消除基体效应。各元素的方法检出限为0.001~0.1μg/g,回收率为90%~115%,方法适用于纯度为99.999%的高纯氧化钽中痕量杂质元素的测定。     

Interfacial Adhesion between Fatty Acid Collectors and Hydrophilic Surfaces: Implications for Low-Rank Coal Flotation

Fatty acids, which are enriched in vegetable oil, have attracted much attention in low-rank coal flotation because of their unique chemical structure. In this study, density functional theory calculations, molecular dynamics simulations, and atomic force microscopy were employed to investigate the adsorption structure and forces between collectors and hydrophilic surfaces. The results show that fatty acids can be easily adsorbed onto surfaces through hydrogen bonds, and can cover the oxygen sites. The existence of hydration film on hydrophilic surfaces prevented nonpolar molecules from being able to adsorb, while polar fatty acids could adsorb and expel water molecules. The adhesion force between the RCOOH-terminated probe and the surface appeared in the retraction process, which differed significantly from that of the RCH₃-terminated probe, indicating that polar fatty acids are more suitable as flotation collectors for low-rank coal than nonpolar hydrocarbon oil. The simulation and AFM test revealed the mechanisms of polar fatty acids, and can provide guidance for low-rank coal flotation applications.     

ICP-MS测定木薯生产副产物的矿质元素和有害重金属元素

木薯是我国广泛种植的热带作物,其块根富含淀粉,近年来常被用来生产燃料乙醇,是热门的生物质能源作物。木薯生产的同时产生了茎叶皮等大量副产物,长期以来被看成是废弃物,得不到充分的利用。木薯生产副产物含有很多营养成分,可以开发成高附加值的食品。采用ICP-MS技术对木薯生产副产物的矿质元素和有害重金属元素进行了研究,表明其含有丰富的人体必需矿质元素,大量元素的含量从高到低是K〉Ca〉P〉μg〉S〉Mn〉Zn〉Na〉Fe〉B〉Cu,尤其Fe,Mn,Zn和B含量达到10～800 μg·g^-1（DW,干重）,微量元素Mo,Co,Se和Ge的含量均在0.01～0.2 μg·g^-1（DW）。除了上述有益矿质元素以外,副产物中重金属元素含量均达到国家标准,只是茎皮中Pb含量稍微偏高,达到2.19 μg·g^-1（DW）。     

热红外光谱的石榴子石亚类识别方法

高光谱技术快速、无损、精确探测矿物,能够清楚的反映矿物化学成分的改变.石榴子石在热红外波段具有诊断性的三峰式特征.反射峰波长与化学成分关系密切,所以可以依据石榴子石在热红外波段的光谱特征开展其亚类分类研究.钙铬榴石和锰铝榴石反射峰位置易于与其他亚类区分,而铁铝榴石和镁铝榴石、钙铁榴石和钙铝榴石的反射峰位置有较大重叠区域...     

Can a linear value function explain choices? An experimental study

We investigate in a simple bi-criteria experimental study, whether subjects are consistent with a linear value function while making binary choices. Many inconsistencies appeared in our experiment. However, the impact of inconsistencies on the linearity vs. non-linearity of the value function was minor. Moreover, a linear value function seems to predict choices for bi-criteria problems quite well. This ability to predict is independent of whether the value function is diagnosed linear or not. Inconsistencies in responses did not necessarily change the original diagnosis of the form of the value function. Our findings have implications for the design and development of decision support tools for Multiple Criteria Decision Making problems.     

Interactive Multiple Criteria Decision Making based on preference driven Evolutionary Multiobjective Optimization with controllable accuracy

We present an approach to interactive Multiple Criteria Decision Making based on preference driven Evolutionary Multiobjective Optimization with controllable accuracy.The approach relies on formulae for lower and upper bounds on coordinates of the outcome of an arbitrary efficient variant corresponding to preference information expressed by the Decision Maker. In contrast to earlier works on that subject, here lower and upper bounds can be calculated and their accuracy controlled entirely within evolutionary computation framework. This is made possible by exploration of not only the region of feasible variants - a standard within evolutionary optimization, but also the region of infeasible variants, the latter to our best knowledge being a novel approach within Evolutionary Multiobjective Optimization.To illustrate how this concept can be applied to interactive Multiple Criteria Decision Making, two algorithms employing evolutionary computations are proposed and their usefulness demonstrated by a numerical example.