Ag/PANI/Fe_2O_3复合纳米粒子的合成与催化性能

借助于PANI的还原性质,PANI/Fe2O3复合载体与AgNO3发生表面氧化还原反应,合成了Ag/PANI/Fe2O3复合纳米粒子。TEM和XRD结果表明,立方晶系纳米银的平均粒径10nm。FTIR结果表明,Ag与PANI及Fe2O3复合载体之间不存在化学键合作用,但由于PANI与Ag之间的电子相互作用,Ag/PANI/Fe2O3复合纳米粒子的FTIR吸收峰发生蓝移。Ag/PANI/Fe2O3复合纳米粒子对于间硝基苯磺酸钠的硼氢化钠还原反应表现出良好的催化活性,30min内间硝基苯磺酸钠的转化率达到86.77%。     

基于局域表面等离子体共振效应的光学生物传感器*

贵金属纳米粒子表现出许多常规块体材料所不具备的优异性能,其中局域表面等离子体共振 (LSPR) 特性是研究热点之一。LSPR 的形状和位置与纳米粒子的组成、大小、形状、介电性质以及局域介质环境密切相关。基于这一特性,贵金属纳米粒子已广泛应用于光学生物传感器、光过滤器和表面增强光谱等领域。本文对各种结构的贵金属纳米粒子的制备方法及其在光学生物传感器中的应用进行了综述,并对 LSPR 纳米传感器的未来发展前景做了展望。     

O-羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒制备及对Ni~(2+)吸附研究

将壳聚糖与氯乙酸反应,通过控制反应条件制备了取代度为0.71的O-羧甲基壳聚糖,将改性后的O-羧甲基壳聚糖与多聚磷酸钠反应,制备了粒径分布在370-710nm的O-羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒,透射电镜观察表明该微粒呈球状,平均粒径为450nm.在此基础上研究了O-羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒对工业电镀镍废水Ni~(2+)吸附性能,考察了溶液pH、Ni~(2+)起始浓度、平衡吸附时间、粒径等因素的影响,结果表明:O-羧甲基壳聚糖微粒最佳吸附条件是Ni~(2+)溶液pH为8.0、Ni~(2+)溶液起始浓度为33.28mg/ml、平衡吸附时间为0.5h、粒径较小的O-羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒对Ni~(2+)的吸附量要大于粒径较大的吸附量.     

Soft‐Chemical Exfoliation Route to Layered Cobalt Oxide Monolayers and Its Application for Film Deposition and Nanoparticle Synthesis

A colloidal suspension of exfoliated, layered cobalt oxide nanosheets has been synthesized through the intercalation of quaternary tetramethylammonium ions into protonated lithium cobalt oxide. According to atomic force microscopy, exfoliated nanosheets of layered cobalt oxide show a plateau‐like height profile with nanometer‐level height, underscoring the formation of unilamellar 2D nanosheets. The exfoliation of layered cobalt oxide was cross‐confirmed by X‐ray diffraction, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The maintenance of the hexagonal in‐plane structure of the cobalt oxide lattice after the exfoliation process was evidenced by selected‐area electron diffraction and Co K‐edge X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure analysis. The zeta‐potential measurements clearly demonstrated the negative surface charge of cobalt oxide nanosheets. Adopting the nanosheets of layered cobalt oxide as a precursor, we were able to prepare the monodisperse CoO nanocrystals with a particle size of ≈10 nm as well as the heterolayered film composed of cobalt oxide monolayer and polycation.     

基于Sol-gel膜和多壁碳纳米管/铂纳米颗粒增效的电流型L-乳酸生物传感器

构建了基于多壁碳纳米管(Multi-walled carbon nanotubes,MWCNTs)和铂纳米颗粒(Pt-nano)的电流型L-乳酸生物传感器。将Sol-gel膜覆盖在L-乳酸氧化酶(L-lactate oxidase,LOD)和MWCNTs/Pt-nano修饰的电极表面。实验结果表明:传感器的最佳工作条件为:检测电压0.5V;缓冲液pH6.4;检测温度25℃。此传感器的响应时间为5s,灵敏度是6.36μA/(mmol/L)。连续检测4星期其活性仍保持90%,线性范围为0.2～2.0mmol/L,且抗干扰能力强。在实际血样的检测中,此传感器与传统的分光光度法具有很好的一致性。     

基于酪胺信号放大的新型免疫传感器

将酪胺应用于酶联免疫分析,建立了一种新的高灵敏伏安型免疫传感器。利用纳米金的静电吸咐和己二硫醇、巯基乙胺的自组装,将羊抗人IgG抗体固定到金电极表面上,以辣根过氧化物酶标记羊抗人IgG抗体为酶标抗体,以生物素化酪胺为酶底物,利用催化酪胺沉积反应,在传感界面沉积大量生物素,使原始信号得到几何级数的放大。结果表明,通过生物素化酪胺催化放大后,制得的免疫传感器对H2O2的催化能力增大近20倍,检测hIgG在1.5μg/L～22 mg/L范围内有良好的线性关系,检出限为0.1μg/L。用于实际试样的回收率的测定,结果良好。     

Chemical effects in SERS of pyrazine adsorbed on Au-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles: a theoretical investigation

Chemical enhancement in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of pyrazine adsorbed on Au-Pd nanoclusters is investigated by using density functional theory. Changing Pd content in the bimetallic clusters enables modulation of the direct chemical interactions between the pyrazine and the clusters. The magnitude of chemical enhancement is correlated well with the induced polarizability for the complexes with low Pd content, which fails for the complexes with high Pd content. Furthermore, the dependence of chemical enhancement on cluster size and coupling is also described by the induced polarizability. Additionally, the chemical enhancement in the cluster-molecule-cluster junction is found to account for as much as 10(3), which suggests that a chemical mechanism might be more important than previously believed, in particular for Au-Pd bimetallic nanoparticle aggregates.     

肌红蛋白在氧化镍纳米粒子中的固定及新型生物传感器的制备

研究了在氧化镍纳米粒子改性石墨电极(GE)上肌红蛋白(Mb)的直接电化学行为, 并制备了新型H2O2 传感器.在0.1 mol/L 磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS, pH 7.0)中, 肌红蛋白有稳定而明确的氧化还原峰,电子转移速率常数为6.48/s;式量电位为-0.34 V(vs·SCE), 表面覆盖量8.06×10-10 mol/cm2.二甲亚砜(DMSO)的存在对加速肌红蛋白分子与电极之间的电子传递起了重要作用.光谱分析表明: 固定在Mb/NiO/DMSO膜中肌红蛋白能保持其生物活性,对H2O2有电催化活性,电催化响应与H2O2浓度呈线性关系,线性范围为0.8～24 μmol/L;检出限为0.039 μmol/L. 对H2O2的表观米氏常数为0.21 mmol/L, 灵敏度为417 mA cm2 L/mol, 呈现出高亲和性.     

Beyond labels: A review of the application of quantum dots as integrated components of assays, bioprobes, and biosensors utilizing optical transduction

A comprehensive review of the development of assays, bioprobes, and biosensors using quantum dots (QDs) as integrated components is presented. In contrast to a QD that is selectively introduced as a label, an integrated QD is one that is present in a system throughout a bioanalysis, and simultaneously has a role in transduction and as a scaffold for biorecognition. Through a diverse array of coatings and bioconjugation strategies, it is possible to use QDs as a scaffold for biorecognition events. The modulation of QD luminescence provides the opportunity for the transduction of these events via fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET), charge transfer quenching, and electrochemiluminescence (ECL). An overview of the basic concepts and principles underlying the use of QDs with each of these transduction methods is provided, along with many examples of their application in biological sensing. The latter include: the detection of small molecules using enzyme-linked methods, or using aptamers as affinity probes; the detection of proteins via immunoassays or aptamers; nucleic acid hybridization assays; and assays for protease or nuclease activity. Strategies for multiplexed detection are highlighted among these examples. Although the majority of developments to date have been in vitro, QD-based methods for ex vivo biological sensing are emerging. Some special attention is given to the development of solid-phase assays, which offer certain advantages over their solution-phase counterparts.     

溶液环境中CdSeS量子点与金纳米颗粒相互作用

选用不同发射波长的合金型CdSeS量子点(QDs), 研究溶液状态下量子点和金纳米颗粒(AuNPs)相互作用及离子强度、pH值、距离等诸多因素对相互作用的影响, 在此基础上对相互作用的机理进行了分析. 在溶液状态下, 金纳米颗粒可以高效地淬灭量子点, Stern-Volmer 淬灭常数K_sv值在108 L·mol^-1数量级. 这种淬灭效应与距离、光谱之间叠合程度等密切相关, 受溶液极性、离子强度、pH值的影响较小. 金纳米颗粒与量子点相互作用的机理较为复杂, 以能量转移为主. 研究结果对设计更高效的生物传感器及更全面认识金纳米颗粒与量子点相互作用的机理具有重要意义.