基于叶绿素荧光光谱分析的稻瘟病害预测模型

为了实现稻瘟病的快速、准确和无损检测,力求构建稻瘟病害预测模型。根据水稻叶片相对病害面积将稻瘟病划分为3个等级,通过激光诱导法采集不同病害等级的活体水稻叶片叶绿素荧光光谱。选取502～830 nm波段激光诱导叶绿素荧光光谱(LICF)作为研究对象,利用Savitzky-Golay平滑法(SG)和一阶导数变换(FDT)对光谱信息进行预处理,通过主成分分析(PCA)方法获取经SG-FDT预处理后光谱的特征向量,根据累积贡献率和方差选取前3个主成分进行分析。将试验样本分为建模样本和检验样本,以稻瘟病害等级为预测指标,利用建模样本的133片叶片的光谱和病害信息分别结合判别分析(DA)、多类逻辑回归分析(MLRA)和多层感知器(MLP)建立稻瘟病的预测模型,利用检验样本的89片叶片的光谱和病害信息对所建模型进行预测检验,完成对PCA-DA、PCA-MLRA和PCA-MLP的对比寻优。结果表明,PCA-DA,PCA-MLRA和PCA-MLP模型均能完成对稻瘟病害的预测,但PCA-MLP模型的平均预测准确率能够达到91.7%,相比PCA-DA和PCA-MLRA模型,在稻瘟病害3个等级上均具有较好的分类和预测能力。     

高频聚焦超声声场和温度场的仿真研究*

为探究临床常用的7 MHz高频聚焦超声在多层生物组织中的声传播以及毫秒级时间内的生物传热规律问题,基于Westervelt方程和Pennes传热方程,使用有限元方法建立高频聚焦超声辐照多层组织的非线性热黏性声传播及传热模型。首先分析了线性模型和非线性模型之间的差异,然后在非线性模型下探究换能器的参数对声场和温度场的影响。仿真结果显示：在7 MHz频率下,当换能器输出声功率超过5 W时,声波传播的非线性效应不可忽视(p <0.05);当声功率从5 W增大到15 W时,非线性模型与线性模型预测的温度偏差从20%增加到34.703%;高频聚焦超声波的非线性行为比低频更加显著,基频能量向高次谐波转移的程度增大,声功率为10 W和15 W时4次谐波与基波之比分别达到7.33%和12.12%;高频换能器参数的改变对组织中声场和温度场分布的影响较大,换能器焦距从12 mm减小到11.2 mm,焦点处最高温度增加了77%。结果表明,7 MHz聚焦超声的非线性声传播需要考虑到4次谐波的影响。该文提出的多层组织非线性仿真模型可为高频聚焦超声换能器参数优化及制定安全、有效的术前治疗方案提供理论参考。     

Foam/Film Alternating Multilayer Structure with High Toughness and Low Thermal Conductivity Prepared via Microlayer Coextrusion

Multilayer membranes prepared via microlayer coextrusion have attracted wide attention due to their unique properties and broad applications. In present study, the foam/film alternating multilayer sheets based on ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer(EVA) and high-density polyethylene are successfully prepared via microlayer coextrusion. The cells in the sheets are single-cell-array along the foamed EVA layers with uniform cell size. In addition, the effects of layer number and foam relative thickness on morphology, mechanical properties, damping and heat insulation properties are investigated. The cell size decreases significantly with increasing layer number due to the enhanced confine effects. The tensile strength, elongation at break, and heat insulation also increase significantly. However, the mechanical damping properties change little in the observed frequency. Meanwhile, with higher relative thickness of EVA foam, the sheets have lower tensile strength and lower thermal conductivity, while the damping properties are enhanced in a specific frequency scope. The elongation at break of the optimized sample comes to 800% and the thermal conductivity decreases to 61 mW·m~(-1)·K~(-1), which shows high toughness and low thermal conductivity, indicating a possible method for preparing materials with high toughness and heat-insulating properties.     

X射线Kirkpatrick-Baez显微镜用超反射镜的研制

 介绍了一种可应用于X射线Kirkpatrick-Baez（KB）显微镜的光学元件—X射线超反射镜。选用的W和B₄C作为镀膜材料,膜对数为20,采用单纯型调优的方法实现了X射线超反射镜设计,用磁控溅射的方法在Si基片上完成了W/B₄C X射线超反射镜的制备。采用高分辨率X射线衍射仪（8 keV）测量了X射线超反射镜的反射特性。制备的X射线超反射镜在掠入射角分别为1.052°和1.143°处,反射角度带宽为0.3°,反射率达到20%,可满足KB型显微镜的要求。     

Synthesis,dielectric and magnetic properties of Mn-Ge substituted Co2Y hexaferrites

The substituted strontium Y-type hexaferrites Sr₂Co₂Ge_xMn_xFe_12−2xO₂₂ (X = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5) was synthesized by sol–gel auto-combustion method. The crystal structures of the present materials were identified using X-ray diffraction analysis. The XRD patterns of the prepared samples pointed out the successful formation of Y-type hexagonal phase. The dielectric and magnetic properties have been studied for Ge-Mn substituted Y-type hexaferrites. The results showed that the dielectric parameters decrease with increasing frequencies. The values of magnetic parameters such as saturation magnetization, remanent magnetization and magnetic moment were found to decrease which are attributed to the weakening of super-exchange interactions. The values of Squareness ratio are found to be 0.48–0.56, which shows that the fabricated materials are multi domain. With decreasing dielectric parameters and increasing coercivity support these investigated samples have appealing applications in micro-wave devices, and Multilayer chip inductors.     

ZnO/Ag/ZnO multilayer films for the application of a very low resistance transparent electrode

Transparent conductive ZnO/Ag/ZnO multilayer electrodes having much lower electrical resistance than the widely used transparent electrodes were prepared by simultaneous RF magnetron sputtering of ZnO and DC magnetron sputtering of Ag. An Ag film with different thickness was used as intermediate metallic layers. The optimum thickness of Ag thin films was determined to be 6 nm for high optical transmittance and good electrical conductivity. With about 20-25 nm thick ZnO films, the multilayer showed high optical transmittance in the visible range of the spectrum and had color neutrality. The electrical and optical properties of the multilayers were changed mainly by Ag film properties. A high quality transparent electrode, having sheet resistance as low as 3 ohm/sq and high transmittance of 90% at 580 nm, was obtained and could be reproduced by controlling the preparation parameter properly. The above property is suitable as transparent electrode for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC).     

Linear assemblies of aged CdS particles and cationic porphyrin in multilayer films

Multilayer films of CdS particles and meso-tetra-(4-trimethylaminophenyl)porphyrin cobalt iodide (CoTAPPI) were fabricated via layer-by-layer self-assembly technique. UV-vis absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra and SEM images were used to compare the differences between the films prepared from freshly synthesized nanoparticles and from aged particles. SEM images show the aged CdS particles and CoTAPPI in the multilayer film, assembling in a linear structure. The mechanism of dipole-dipole interaction was presented to explain linear formation.     

All porous silicon microcavities: growth and physics

The spontaneous emission of a material can be controlled by placing it in a micron-sized optical cavity. In this paper we introduce the subject and we discuss the realization, the physics and perspective applications of all porous silicon microcavities. The emission properties of the cavities have been characterized as a function of the temperature, of the excitation power and of the response time. Coupled microcavities are demonstrated. Modeling of the structure have been performed on the basis of a transfer matrix approximation.     

Transmission Line Model Based CAD of Multilayer Dielectric Filters

A systematical procedure for multilayer dielectric filter design is introduced here based on the transmission line model (TLMBCAD). By this procedure, low-pass, high-pass, and band-pass filters can be designed in the same way. The transmission line model works well and is time efficient not only for normal incidence of linearly polarized wave but also for oblique incidence wave with circular polarization. Design examples are given for low-pass and band-pass filters. Simulation results show that the method developed in this paper is valuable for the engineering design of multilayer dielectric filters.     

Linear scaling of the interlayer relaxations of the vicinal Cu(p,p,p − 2) surfaces with the number of atom-rows in the terraces

We investigate the multilayer relaxation trends in the vicinal Cu(p,p,p − 2) surfaces employing the all-electron full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method. Calculations are performed for the (3 3 1), (2 2 1), (5 5 3), (3 3 2), (7 7 5), and (4 4 3) surfaces, which have 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 atom-rows in the terrace, respectively. The following trends are identified: (i) The interlayer relaxations perpendicular to the surface scale almost linearly with the number of atom-rows in the terraces. (ii) The nearest-neighbor distances do not depend on the surface termination, but only on the local coordination. (iii) For Cu(p,p,p − 2) in which the topmost n surface layers have nearest-neighbor coordination smaller than the bulk Cu (calculated for the unrelaxed surfaces), the topmost (n − 1) interlayer spacings (d₁₂, … , d_n−1,n) contract compared with the unrelaxed spacing, while the nth interlayer spacing (d_n,n+1) expands. The next (n − 2) interlayer spacings (d_n+1,n+2, … , d_{2n−2,2n−1}) contract, while the interlayer spacing indicated by d_2n−1,2n expands. A similar rule was found for the relaxations parallel to the surfaces. These trends provide a better understanding of the atomic structure of vicinal Cu surfaces.